Guzman Carlos, Peña Roberto Javier, Singh Ravi, Autrique Enrique, Dreisigacker Susanne, Crossa Jose, Rutkoski Jessica, Poland Jesse, Battenfield Sarah
Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Texcoco, Mexico.
Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 4011 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Appl Transl Genom. 2016 Oct 29;11:3-8. doi: 10.1016/j.atg.2016.10.004. eCollection 2016 Dec.
The International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) leads the Global Wheat Program, whose main objective is to increase the productivity of wheat cropping systems to reduce poverty in developing countries. The priorities of the program are high grain yield, disease resistance, tolerance to abiotic stresses (drought and heat), and desirable quality. The Wheat Chemistry and Quality Laboratory has been continuously evolving to be able to analyze the largest number of samples possible, in the shortest time, at lowest cost, in order to deliver data on diverse quality traits on time to the breeders for making selections for advancement in the breeding pipeline. The participation of wheat quality analysis/selection is carried out in two stages of the breeding process: evaluation of the parental lines for new crosses and advanced lines in preliminary and elite yield trials. Thousands of lines are analyzed which requires a big investment in resources. Genomic selection has been proposed to assist in selecting for quality and other traits in breeding programs. Genomic selection can predict quantitative traits and is applicable to multiple quantitative traits in a breeding pipeline by attaining historical phenotypes and adding high-density genotypic information. Due to advances in sequencing technology, genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism markers are available through genotyping-by-sequencing at a cost conducive to application for genomic selection. At CIMMYT, genomic selection has been applied to predict all of the processing and end-use quality traits regularly tested in the spring wheat breeding program. These traits have variable levels of prediction accuracy, however, they demonstrated that most expensive traits, dough rheology and baking final product, can be predicted with a high degree of confidence. Currently it is being explored how to combine both phenotypic and genomic selection to make more efficient the genetic improvement for quality traits at CIMMYT spring wheat breeding program.
国际玉米和小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）牵头开展全球小麦项目，其主要目标是提高小麦种植系统的生产力，以减少发展中国家的贫困状况。该项目的重点是高谷物产量、抗病性、对非生物胁迫（干旱和高温）的耐受性以及理想的品质。小麦化学与品质实验室一直在不断发展，以便能够在最短的时间内、以最低的成本分析尽可能多的样本，从而及时为育种人员提供关于多种品质性状的数据，以供他们在育种流程中进行选择推进。小麦品质分析/选择工作在育种过程的两个阶段进行：对新杂交组合的亲本系以及在初步和精英产量试验中的高级品系进行评估。要分析数千个品系，这需要大量的资源投入。有人提出采用基因组选择来协助在育种计划中选择品质及其他性状。基因组选择可以预测数量性状，并通过获取历史表型和添加高密度基因型信息，应用于育种流程中的多个数量性状。由于测序技术的进步，通过简化基因组测序可获得全基因组单核苷酸多态性标记，其成本有利于应用于基因组选择。在CIMMYT，基因组选择已被用于预测春小麦育种计划中常规检测的所有加工和最终用途品质性状。这些性状的预测准确性各不相同，不过，它们表明，最昂贵的性状，即面团流变学和烘焙最终产品，可以得到高度可靠的预测。目前正在探索如何将表型选择和基因组选择结合起来，以使CIMMYT春小麦育种计划中品质性状的遗传改良更加高效。
