Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
PLoS One. 2021 May 11;16(5):e0251298. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251298. eCollection 2021.
The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence of idiopathic and secondary restless legs syndrome (RLS) according to pregnancy trimester, and its effects on delivery-related outcomes among pregnant women in Japan.
This was a single-center, prospective observational study. One hundred eighty-two consecutive pregnant women participated in the study from June 2014 to March 2016. Participants were interviewed and examined in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and 1 month after delivery. At each term, RLS was identified by a research assistant and then specialist in sleep medicine based on the diagnostic criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Delivery-related data was collected from medical charts. RLS was classified as idiopathic RLS, which originally existed before the index pregnancy, or secondary RLS, which newly appeared during the index pregnancy.
The prevalence of RLS was 4.9% (idiopathic 3.3%, secondary 1.6%) in the second trimester, 5.0% (idiopathic 0.0%, secondary 5.0%) in the third trimester, and 0.6% (idiopathic 0.0%, secondary 0.6%) after delivery. Prolonged labor, emergency Cesarean section, and arrest of labor tended to be more frequent in idiopathic and/or second RLS (all p<0.05).
The prevalence of RLS during pregnancy was 4-5% and decreases after delivery in current Japan. The presence of RLS was associated with an increase in some delivery-related outcomes. Early detection and treatment of RLS during pregnancy may be beneficial to safe delivery for pregnant women.
本研究旨在调查日本孕妇妊娠各期原发性和继发性不安腿综合征（RLS）的患病率，并探讨其对分娩结局的影响。
这是一项单中心前瞻性观察性研究。182 例连续孕妇于 2014 年 6 月至 2016 年 3 月参加了研究。研究人员在妊娠的第二和第三孕期以及分娩后 1 个月对参与者进行访谈和检查。在每个时期，研究助理和睡眠医学专家均根据国际不安腿综合征研究组的诊断标准来识别 RLS。分娩相关数据从病历中收集。RLS 分为原发性 RLS，即在指数妊娠前就已存在；或继发性 RLS，即在指数妊娠期间新出现。
在妊娠中期，RLS 的患病率为 4.9%（原发性 3.3%，继发性 1.6%）；在妊娠晚期，患病率为 5.0%（原发性 0.0%，继发性 5.0%）；在分娩后，患病率为 0.6%（原发性 0.0%，继发性 0.6%）。原发性和/或继发性 RLS 患者的产程延长、急诊剖宫产和产程停滞的发生率较高（均 P<0.05）。
目前在日本，妊娠期间 RLS 的患病率为 4%-5%，分娩后会降低。RLS 的存在与某些分娩相关结局的增加有关。妊娠期间早期检测和治疗 RLS 可能有益于孕妇的安全分娩。
