Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2021 Aug;165:84-105. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.021. Epub 2021 May 8.
Multi antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are on the rise due to the overuse of antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the pathogens listed under the category of serious threats where vancomycin remains the mainstay treatment despite the availability of various antibacterial agents. Recently, decreased susceptibility to vancomycin from clinical isolates of MRSA has been reported and has drawn worldwide attention as it is often difficult to overcome and leads to increased medical costs, mortality, and longer hospital stays. Development of antibiotic delivery systems is often necessary to improve bioavailability and biodistribution, in order to reduce antibiotic resistance and increase the lifespan of antibiotics. Liposome entrapment has been used as a method to allow higher drug dosing apart from reducing toxicity associated with drugs. The surface of the liposomes can also be designed and enhanced with drug-release properties, active targeting, and stealth effects to prevent recognition by the mononuclear phagocyte system, thus enhancing its circulation time. The present review aimed to highlight the possible targeting strategies of liposomes against MRSA bacteremia systemically while investigating the magnitude of this effect on the minimum inhibitory concentration level.
由于抗生素的过度使用，多药耐药细菌感染正在上升。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA) 是严重威胁类别下列出的病原体之一，尽管有各种抗菌药物可用，但万古霉素仍然是主要的治疗方法。最近，已经报道了从临床分离的 MRSA 中对万古霉素的敏感性降低，这引起了全球的关注，因为它通常很难克服，导致医疗费用增加、死亡率增加和住院时间延长。为了降低抗生素耐药性并延长抗生素的寿命，经常需要开发抗生素输送系统以提高生物利用度和生物分布。脂质体包封已被用作一种方法，除了降低与药物相关的毒性外，还可以允许更高的药物剂量。脂质体的表面还可以设计和增强药物释放特性、主动靶向和隐身效果，以防止单核吞噬细胞系统的识别，从而延长其循环时间。本综述旨在强调脂质体针对 MRSA 菌血症的可能靶向策略，同时研究这种效应对最低抑菌浓度水平的影响程度。
