Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy; Bioinnova s.r.l.s., Via Ponte Nove Luci, Potenza, Italy.
Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Aug 1;171:156-168. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.008. Epub 2021 May 8.
Obesity is a major risk factor for several diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The use of natural products, such as astaxanthin (ASX), a potent antioxidant compound produced by the freshwater green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis, has gained particular interest to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, and to improve redox status, often associated with obesity. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to comprehensively examine the effects of ASX in animal models of diet induced obesity-associated diseases in order to inform the design of future human clinical studies for ASX use as supplement or nutraceutical.
Cinahl, Cochraine, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for English-language manuscripts published between January 2000 and April 2020 using the following key words: astaxanthin, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, NAFLD and metabolic.
Seventeen eligible articles, corresponding to 21 animal studies, were included in the final quantitative analysis. ASX, at different concentrations and administered for different length of time, induced a significant reduction in adipose tissue weight (P = 0.05) and systolic blood pressure (P < 0.0001) in control animals. In animal models of T2D, ASX significantly reduced serum glucose levels (P = 0.04); whereas it improved several disease biomarkers in the blood (e.g. cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and AST, P < 0.10), and reduced liver (P = 0.0002) and body weight (P = 0.11), in animal models of NAFLD.
Supplementation of ASX in the diet has positive effects on symptoms associated with obesity related diseases in animals, by having lipid-lowering, hypo-insulin and hypoglycaemic capacity, protecting organs from oxidative stress and mitigating the immune system, as suggested in this review.
肥胖是多种疾病的主要危险因素，包括代谢综合征（MetS）、非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）和 2 型糖尿病（T2D）。使用天然产物，如虾青素（ASX），一种由淡水绿藻雨生红球藻产生的强效抗氧化化合物，已引起人们的特别关注，以减轻氧化应激和炎症，并改善氧化还原状态，这通常与肥胖有关。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在全面研究 ASX 在饮食诱导肥胖相关疾病的动物模型中的作用，以为 ASX 作为补充剂或营养保健品用于未来人类临床研究提供信息。
使用以下关键词在 Cinahl、Cochraine、MEDLINE、Scopus 和 Web of Science 中检索 2000 年 1 月至 2020 年 4 月期间发表的英文文献：虾青素、肥胖、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、2 型糖尿病、NAFLD 和代谢。
最终的定量分析纳入了 17 篇符合条件的文章，对应 21 项动物研究。ASX 以不同浓度和不同时间给药，可显著降低对照组动物的脂肪组织重量（P=0.05）和收缩压（P<0.0001）。在 2 型糖尿病动物模型中，ASX 可显著降低血清葡萄糖水平（P=0.04）；而在非酒精性脂肪性肝病动物模型中，ASX 可改善血液中的几种疾病生物标志物（如胆固醇、甘油三酯、ALT 和 AST，P<0.10），并降低肝脏（P=0.0002）和体重（P=0.11）。
本综述表明，ASX 补充饮食对动物肥胖相关疾病的相关症状具有积极影响，具有降低血脂、降低胰岛素和血糖水平、保护器官免受氧化应激、减轻免疫系统的作用。
