AND Consulting Group, Pl. M. Broodthaers 8, 1060, Bruxelles, Belgium.
Med Health Care Philos. 2021 Dec;24(4):701-709. doi: 10.1007/s11019-021-10024-5. Epub 2021 May 12.
This paper addresses the problem of 'premature consent'. The term 'premature consent' (introduced in a 2018 paper by J.K. Davis) denotes patient decisions that are: (i) formulated prior to discussion with the appropriate healthcare professional (HCP); (ii) based on information from unreliable sources (e.g. parts of the internet); and (iii) resolutely maintained despite the HCP having provided alternative reliable information. HCPs are not obliged to respect premature consent patients' demands for unindicated treatments. But why? What is it that premature consent patients do or get wrong? Davis has argued that premature consent patients are incompetent and misinformed. We argue that this view is not sustainable. A more plausible position asserts that premature consent threatens the integrity of the medical profession. We argue that this gives rise to a negative patient duty (to not obstruct HCPs in upholding the integrity of the medical profession) which premature consent patients fail to honour. We argue for a further positive duty of good faith engagement in shared decision-making. This implies willingness to potentially revise or justify one's evaluative bases (core assumptions, beliefs, values, etc.). Fundamentally, the problem with premature consent patients is that certain of their evaluative bases are not open to revision. They therefore fail in their duty to participate faithfully in the shared decision-making process.
本文探讨了“过早同意”的问题。“过早同意”(由 J.K.戴维斯在 2018 年的一篇论文中提出)是指患者做出以下决策:(i)在与适当的医疗保健专业人员(HCP)讨论之前制定;(ii)基于不可靠来源的信息(例如互联网的某些部分);以及(iii)尽管 HCP 提供了替代可靠信息,仍坚决坚持。HCP 没有义务尊重过早同意患者对未指明治疗的要求。但为什么呢?过早同意患者做错了什么或得到了错误的信息?戴维斯认为,过早同意患者没有能力和信息不足。我们认为这种观点站不住脚。一个更合理的观点是,过早同意会威胁到医疗行业的完整性。我们认为,这引发了一项消极的患者义务(不阻碍 HCP 维护医疗行业的完整性),而过早同意患者未能履行这一义务。我们主张进一步履行善意参与共同决策的积极义务。这意味着愿意潜在地修改或证明自己的评估基础(核心假设、信仰、价值观等)。从根本上说,过早同意患者的问题在于,他们的某些评估基础无法修改。因此,他们未能忠实履行参与共同决策过程的义务。