Department of Engineering and Chemical Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2021;56(6):680-693. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1917936. Epub 2021 May 12.
The popularity of nanotechnology results from the possibility of obtaining materials that have better chemical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, or optical properties. Nano-sized materials are characterized by an increased surface area, which improves their chemical reactivity and mobility. Due to their enhanced reactivity and appropriately small size, some nanoparticles are used as antimicrobial and antifungal agents. Nanoparticles exhibit antimicrobial potential through multifaceted mechanisms. The adhesion of nanoparticles to microbial cells, and reactive oxygen species, and their penetration inside the cells, have been recognized as the most prominent modes of antimicrobial action. This review presents the mechanism of action of nanometals and oxide nanoparticles used as antimicrobials and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to the toxic effects of nanoparticles. The article presents methods of forming microorganism resistance to the toxic effects of nanoparticles and the negative impact of nanoparticles on human health.
纳米技术的流行源于获得具有更好的化学、电气、热、机械或光学性能的材料的可能性。纳米尺寸的材料的特点是表面积增加，这提高了它们的化学反应性和迁移性。由于其增强的反应性和适当的小尺寸，一些纳米颗粒被用作抗菌和抗真菌剂。纳米颗粒通过多方面的机制表现出抗菌潜力。纳米颗粒与微生物细胞的黏附、活性氧物质的产生以及它们在细胞内的穿透，已被认为是最主要的抗菌作用模式。本文介绍了作为抗菌剂的纳米金属和氧化物纳米颗粒的作用机制以及细菌对抗纳米颗粒毒性作用的抗性机制。文章提出了形成微生物对纳米颗粒毒性作用的抗性的方法以及纳米颗粒对人类健康的负面影响。
