Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2021 May 12;85(2). doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00217-20. Print 2021 May 19.
The spp. are tick-borne pathogenic spirochetes that include the agents of Lyme disease and relapsing fever. As part of their life cycle, the spirochetes traffic between the tick vector and the vertebrate host, which requires significant physiological changes and remodeling of their outer membranes and proteome. This crucial proteome resculpting is carried out by a diverse set of proteases, adaptor proteins, and related chaperones. Despite its small genome, has dedicated a large percentage of its genome to proteolysis, including a full complement of ATP-dependent proteases. Energy-driven proteolysis appears to be an important physiological feature of this dual-life-cycle bacterium. The proteolytic arsenal of is strategically deployed for disposal of proteins no longer required as they move from one stage to another or are transferred from one host to another. Likewise, the spp. are systemic organisms that need to break down and move through host tissues and barriers, and so their unique proteolytic resources, both endogenous and borrowed, make movement more feasible. Both the Lyme disease and relapsing fever spp. bind plasminogen as well as numerous components of the mammalian plasminogen-activating system. This recruitment capacity endows the spirochetes with a borrowed proteolytic competency that can lead to increased invasiveness.
spp. 是蜱传致病性螺旋体，包括莱姆病和回归热的病原体。作为其生命周期的一部分，螺旋体在蜱媒介和脊椎动物宿主之间传播，这需要它们的外膜和蛋白质组发生重大的生理变化和重塑。这种关键的蛋白质组重塑是由一系列不同的蛋白酶、衔接蛋白和相关伴侣蛋白完成的。尽管基因组很小，但 已经将其基因组的很大一部分专门用于蛋白质水解，包括全套的 ATP 依赖性蛋白酶。能量驱动的蛋白质水解似乎是这种双生命周期细菌的一个重要生理特征。 的蛋白酶库被战略性地部署用于处理从一个阶段转移到另一个阶段或从一个宿主转移到另一个宿主时不再需要的蛋白质。同样， spp. 是全身性生物体，需要分解并穿过宿主组织和屏障，因此它们独特的蛋白质水解资源，包括内源性和借来的资源，使运动变得更加可行。莱姆病和回归热 spp. 都能结合纤溶酶原以及哺乳动物纤溶酶原激活系统的许多成分。这种募集能力赋予了螺旋体借来的蛋白质水解能力，从而增加了侵袭性。
