Garibian Petr G, Karabanov Dmitry P, Neretina Anna N, Taylor Derek J, Kotov Alexey A
Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Invasions, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Laboratory of Fish Ecology, I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Yaroslavl Area, Russia.
PeerJ. 2021 Apr 23;9:e11310. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11310. eCollection 2021.
Water fleas (Crustacea: Cladocera) of the Family Bosminidae have been studied since the founding of paleolimnology and freshwater ecology. However, one species, , stands out for its exceptional multicontinental range and broad ecological requirements. Here we use an integrated morphological and multilocus genetic approach to address the species problem in . We analyzed 32 populations of s. lat. Two nuclear and two mitochondrial loci were used to carry out the bGMYC, mPTP and STACEY algorithms for species delimitation. Detailed morphological study was also carried out across continents. The evidence indicated a widely distributed cryptic species in the Old World () that is genetically divergent from s.str. We revised the taxonomy and redescribed the species in this complex. Our sampling indicated that had weak genetic differentiation across its range. A molecular clock and biogeographic analysis with fossil calibrations suggested a Mesozoic origin for the group. Our evidence rejects the single species hypothesis for and is consistent with an ancient species group (potentially Mesozoic) that shows marked morphological conservation. The family Bosminidae, then, has examples of both rapid morphological evolution (Holocene ), and morphological stasis ().
自古湖沼学和淡水生态学创立以来，人们就对薄皮溞科（甲壳纲：枝角亚目）的水蚤进行了研究。然而，有一种水蚤因其特殊的跨大陆分布范围和广泛的生态需求而格外引人注目。在这里，我们采用综合形态学和多位点遗传学方法来解决该水蚤的物种问题。我们分析了32个宽水蚤指名亚种的种群。使用两个核基因座和两个线粒体基因座，对宽水蚤指名亚种进行了bGMYC、mPTP和STACEY算法的物种界定。还在各大洲开展了详细的形态学研究。证据表明，在旧大陆存在一种广泛分布的隐存种（），其在基因上与宽水蚤指名亚种不同。我们修订了分类学，并重新描述了该复合体中的物种。我们的采样表明，宽水蚤在其分布范围内的遗传分化较弱。分子钟和带有化石校准的生物地理学分析表明，宽水蚤类群起源于中生代。我们的证据否定了宽水蚤为单一物种的假设，与一个显示出显著形态保守性的古老物种类群（可能是中生代）一致。因此，薄皮溞科既有形态快速进化（全新世的）的例子，也有形态停滞（）的例子。
