University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 607 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 607 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Water Res. 2021 Jul 1;199:117180. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117180. Epub 2021 Apr 22.
Biofiltration, historically used for biodegradable organic matter (BOM) removal in drinking water treatment, is being increasingly applied for potable reuse which requires unique characterization. This review and meta-analysis evaluates BOM occurrence as part of bulk wastewater effluent organic matter (EfOM), quantifies the roles of operational parameters to achieve EfOM removal in biofilters, and identifies research gaps which may be fruitful for understanding reuse biofilter performance. Literature data (n = 76) indicates EfOM has a high biodegradable fraction (median 26%), which after typical ozone doses is higher (57%). A biofiltration performance dataset (n = 160 across 42 WWTP effluents) shows that EfOM removal of 35-40% can be expected when design parameters are optimized. Specifically, higher EfOM removal is achieved by adding pre-ozonation and use of biological activated carbon (BAC) media, with comparatively smaller impacts of increasing ozone dose or increasing empty bed contact time under typical scenarios. Combined, these factors strongly correlate with observed EfOM removal (r = 0.64) after accounting for confounding by adsorptive removal in BAC media with fewer than 20,000 bed volumes treated. Future research that quantifies the occurrence of BOM, biomass activity on filter media, steady-state removal by BAC, and impacts of longer empty bed contact times in potable reuse scenarios could impact optimization strategies to meet or exceed biofilter performance observed to date.
生物过滤技术历史上被用于饮用水处理中的可生物降解有机物（BOM）去除，现在正越来越多地应用于饮用水回用，这需要对其进行独特的特性描述。本综述和荟萃分析评估了 BOM 作为批量废水废有机物（EfOM）的一部分的出现情况，量化了操作参数在生物滤器中去除 EfOM 的作用，并确定了可能有助于理解再利用生物滤器性能的研究空白。文献数据（n=76）表明，EfOM 具有较高的可生物降解部分（中位数为 26%），在典型的臭氧剂量后，这一比例更高（57%）。一个生物过滤性能数据集（n=42 个 WWTP 废水处理厂的 160 个数据）表明，当设计参数得到优化时，可以预期 EfOM 的去除率为 35-40%。具体来说，通过添加预臭氧化和使用生物活性炭（BAC）介质，可以实现更高的 EfOM 去除率，而在典型情况下，增加臭氧剂量或增加空床接触时间对其影响较小。这些因素结合起来，与 BAC 介质中吸附去除量少于 20000 床体积处理时观察到的 EfOM 去除率（r=0.64）有很强的相关性。未来的研究可以量化 BOM 的出现、生物过滤介质上的生物量活性、BAC 的稳态去除率以及在饮用水回用场景中更长的空床接触时间的影响，这可能会影响到优化策略，以达到或超过迄今为止观察到的生物滤器性能。
