Comparison of morphology, development and expression patterns of and of under normal and high temperature.

(Munakata) is the dominant parasitic wasp of the rice pest, (Walker), and is a valuable parasitic wasp for the prevention and control of . In this study, developmental indicators and expression of (heat shock protein 11.0) and (heat shock factor) were compared for at 27 °C and 36 °C. Developmental duration, morphology, emergence rate, and number of offspring were shortened at 36 °C while the ratio of females to males increased. and were highly expressed in the 1 instar stage at 36 °C, and expression gradually decreased as matured; expression was not correlated with expression. Compared with 27 °C, the expression pattern of and was also not consistent, and expression increased significantly at the adult stage. In conclusion, mildly high temperatures impact growth, development and reproduction of and stimulate the expression of and , and and play different roles in different developmental stages of at normal and high temperature.