Division of Anatomical Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Lancet Laboratories, Johannesburg, South Africa.
J Infect Dis. 2021 Dec 8;224(12 Suppl 2):S683-S690. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab240.
The spectrum of placental pathology in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is vast. Features observed are not only limited to the effects of the virus itself but may include that of coinfections such as tuberculosis and syphilis. The presence of other comorbidities and changes as a result of antiretroviral therapy may further confound the histologic findings. There is a paucity of unbiased information of the effects of maternal HIV on the placenta and how these changes relate to birth outcomes. Antiretroviral therapy, now in widespread use, has altered the course of maternal HIV disease and it is unknown whether this has altered the pathophysiology of HIV on the placenta. HIV-associated placental findings that have been most well described include acute chorioamnionitis, low placental weight, and maternal vascular malperfusion, with a tendency towards lower rates of chronic villitis.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）引起的胎盘病理学表现多种多样。不仅限于病毒本身的影响，还可能包括结核分枝杆菌和梅毒等合并感染的影响。其他合并症的存在以及抗逆转录病毒治疗的结果可能会进一步混淆组织学发现。关于母体 HIV 对胎盘的影响以及这些变化与分娩结局的关系，缺乏无偏见的信息。目前广泛使用的抗逆转录病毒疗法改变了母体 HIV 疾病的进程，尚不清楚这是否改变了 HIV 对胎盘的病理生理学影响。HIV 相关的胎盘表现中，最常描述的包括急性绒毛膜羊膜炎、胎盘重量低和母体血管灌注不良，慢性绒毛膜炎的发生率较低。
