State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
J Hazard Mater. 2021 Sep 5;417:125959. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125959. Epub 2021 Apr 26.
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) provide an effective solution and a novel advancement for wastewater treatment. In this review, a total of 3823 bibliographic records derived from recent 10 years are visualized based on scientometric analysis. The results indicate metal-free CNMs-mediated advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) might be a motive force to develop CNMs application for wastewater treatment; however, corresponding evaluations of aquatic toxicity still lack sufficient attention. Therefore, recent breakthroughs and topical innovations related to prevalent wastewater treatment technologies (i.e., adsorption, catalysis and membrane separation) using three typical dimensional CNMs (nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, and graphene-based nanomaterials) are comprehensively summarized in-depth, along with a compendious introduction to some novel techniques (e.g., computational simulation) for identifying reaction mechanisms. Then, current research focusing on CNMs-associated aquatic toxicity is discussed thoroughly, mainly demonstrating: (1) the adverse effects on aquatic organisms should not be overlooked prior to large-scale CNMs application; (2) divergent consequences can be further reduced if the ecological niche of aquatic organisms is emphasized; and (3) further investigations on joint toxicity can provide greater beneficial insight into realistic exposure scenarios. Finally, ongoing challenges and developmental directions of CNMs-based wastewater treatment and evaluation of its aquatic toxicity are pinpointed and shaped in terms of future research.
碳纳米材料（CNMs）为废水处理提供了有效的解决方案和新的进展。在本综述中，通过科学计量分析，共可视化了来自最近 10 年的 3823 条文献记录。结果表明，无金属 CNMs 介导的高级氧化工艺（AOPs）可能是推动 CNMs 在废水处理中应用的动力；然而，相应的水生毒性评估仍然缺乏足够的关注。因此，本文深入全面地总结了三种典型维度的 CNMs（纳米金刚石、碳纳米管和基于石墨烯的纳米材料）在当前流行的废水处理技术（吸附、催化和膜分离）中的最新突破和热门创新，并简要介绍了一些用于识别反应机制的新型技术（例如，计算模拟）。然后，彻底讨论了当前关注的与 CNMs 相关的水生毒性问题，主要表明：（1）在大规模应用 CNMs 之前，不应忽视对水生生物的不利影响；（2）如果强调水生生物的生态位，可以进一步减少不同的后果；（3）对联合毒性的进一步研究可以为真实暴露场景提供更有益的见解。最后，针对基于 CNMs 的废水处理及其水生毒性评估的当前挑战和发展方向进行了明确，并为未来的研究指明了方向。
