Lanzetta Luis, Webb Thomas, Zibouche Nourdine, Liang Xinxing, Ding Dong, Min Ganghong, Westbrook Robert J E, Gaggio Benedetta, Macdonald Thomas J, Islam M Saiful, Haque Saif A
Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Nat Commun. 2021 May 14;12(1):2853. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22864-z.
Tin perovskites have emerged as promising alternatives to toxic lead perovskites in next-generation photovoltaics, but their poor environmental stability remains an obstacle towards more competitive performances. Therefore, a full understanding of their decomposition processes is needed to address these stability issues. Herein, we elucidate the degradation mechanism of 2D/3D tin perovskite films based on (PEA)(FA)SnI (where PEA is phenylethylammonium and FA is formamidinium). We show that SnI, a product of the oxygen-induced degradation of tin perovskite, quickly evolves into iodine via the combined action of moisture and oxygen. We identify iodine as a highly aggressive species that can further oxidise the perovskite to more SnI, establishing a cyclic degradation mechanism. Perovskite stability is then observed to strongly depend on the hole transport layer chosen as the substrate, which is exploited to tackle film degradation. These key insights will enable the future design and optimisation of stable tin-based perovskite optoelectronics.
锡基钙钛矿已成为下一代光伏中有毒铅基钙钛矿的有前途的替代品，但其较差的环境稳定性仍然是实现更具竞争力性能的障碍。因此，需要全面了解它们的分解过程以解决这些稳定性问题。在此，我们阐明了基于（PEA）（FA）SnI（其中PEA是苯乙铵，FA是甲脒）的二维/三维锡基钙钛矿薄膜的降解机制。我们表明，锡基钙钛矿氧诱导降解的产物SnI通过水分和氧气的共同作用迅速演变成碘。我们确定碘是一种极具侵蚀性的物质，它可以进一步将钙钛矿氧化成更多的SnI，从而建立一种循环降解机制。然后观察到钙钛矿稳定性强烈依赖于作为基底选择的空穴传输层，利用这一点来解决薄膜降解问题。这些关键见解将有助于未来稳定的锡基钙钛矿光电器件的设计和优化。
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