Zuo Shengnan, Tarasov Alexander, Frohloff Lennart, Prashanthan Karunanantharajah, Ruske Florian, Lounasvuori Mailis, Frasca Chiara, Dallmann André, Zu Fengshuo, Mathies Florian, Scheler Florian, Hartono Noor Titan Putri, Li Guixiang, Li Jinzhao, Simmonds Maxim, Li Wenhui, Koch Norbert, Albrecht Steve, Li Meng, Unger Eva, Aldanmasy Mahmoud Hussein, Musiienko Artem, Abate Antonio
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Department Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells (SE-AMIP), Kekuléstraße 5, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Department Solution Processing of Hybrid Materials & Devices (SE-ALM), Kekuléstraße 5, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Aug;12(29):e01311. doi: 10.1002/advs.202501311. Epub 2025 May 23.
Tin perovskite solar cells are emerging as a sustainable lead-free alternative in thin film photovoltaics. DMSO-free processed tin perovskites are gaining interest due to the detrimental effects of DMSO on tin oxidation. However, replacing DMSO with other solvents remains challenging due to the accelerated crystallization dynamics in non-DMSO systems. In this study, the crystallization process in a DMSO-free solvent system is regulated by managing the transition from the sol-gel phase to the solid film. Specifically, piperazine dihydriodide (PDAI) and 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) are utilized to coordinately tune the colloidal chemistry through forming large pre-nucleation clusters in perovskite ink, further, facilitating the film formation process. By combining tBP and PDAI, a controllable crystallization rate is achieved as evidenced by in situ photoluminescence (PL) measurement during spin-coating. As a result, tin perovskite films show high crystallinity and improved microstructure. Devices treated with tBP+PDAI exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency of 7.8% and excellent stability without observable degradation for over 3000 h stored in the N glovebox. These findings advance understanding and managing crystallization in DMSO-free solvents processed tin perovskite solar cells.
锡基钙钛矿太阳能电池正在成为薄膜光伏领域一种可持续的无铅替代方案。由于二甲基亚砜（DMSO）对锡氧化有不利影响，无DMSO工艺制备的锡基钙钛矿越来越受到关注。然而，由于非DMSO体系中结晶动力学加快，用其他溶剂替代DMSO仍然具有挑战性。在本研究中，通过控制从溶胶-凝胶相到固体薄膜的转变来调节无DMSO溶剂体系中的结晶过程。具体而言，利用哌嗪二氢碘化物（PDAI）和4-叔丁基吡啶（tBP）通过在钙钛矿墨水中形成大的预成核簇来协同调节胶体化学，进而促进成膜过程。通过结合tBP和PDAI，在旋涂过程中通过原位光致发光（PL）测量证明实现了可控的结晶速率。结果，锡基钙钛矿薄膜显示出高结晶度和改善的微观结构。用tBP+PDAI处理的器件表现出7.8%的最佳功率转换效率和出色的稳定性，在N手套箱中储存超过3000小时没有明显降解。这些发现推动了对无DMSO溶剂处理的锡基钙钛矿太阳能电池中结晶过程的理解和控制。
