Caspi Avi, Barry Michael P, Patel Uday K, Salas Michelle Armenta, Dorn Jessy D, Roy Arup, Niketeghad Soroush, Greenberg Robert J, Pouratian Nader
Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, 9372115, Israel; Second Sight Medical Products, Inc., Sylmar, CA, 91342, USA; Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Second Sight Medical Products, Inc., Sylmar, CA, 91342, USA.
Brain Stimul. 2021 Jul-Aug;14(4):851-860. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.04.019. Epub 2021 May 13.
Restoring sight for the blind using electrical stimulation of the visual pathways is feasible but demands an understanding of the spatial mapping of the visual world at the site of targeted stimulation, whether in the retina, thalamus, or cortex. While a visual cortex stimulator can bypass the eye and create visual percepts, there is an inherent dissociation between this stimulation and eye movements. It is unknown whether and how robustly the brain maintains the oculomotor circuitry in patients with bare- or no-light perception.
To critically and quantitatively evaluate the effect of eye movements have on phosphene locations elicited by cortical stimulation that bypasses the eyes in order to restore sight in blind subjects.
The NeuroPace Responsive Neurostimulator (RNS) and the Orion visual cortical prosthesis devices were used to electrically stimulate the visual cortex of blind subjects with bare or no light perception. Eye positions were recorded synchronized with stimulation and the location of the percepts were measured using a handheld marker.
The locations of cortical stimulation-evoked percepts are shifted based on the eye position at the time of stimulation. Measured responses can be remapped based on measured eye positions to determine the retinotopic locations associated with the implanted electrodes, with remapped responses having variance limited by pointing error.
Eye movements dominate the perceived location of cortical stimulation-evoked phosphenes, even after years of blindness. By accounting for eye positions, we can mimic retinal mapping as in natural sight.
利用视觉通路的电刺激为盲人恢复视力是可行的，但需要了解目标刺激部位（无论是视网膜、丘脑还是皮层）的视觉世界空间映射。虽然视觉皮层刺激器可以绕过眼睛并产生视觉感知，但这种刺激与眼球运动之间存在内在的脱节。对于无光感或仅有极少光感的患者，大脑是否以及如何强有力地维持动眼神经回路尚不清楚。
批判性地、定量地评估眼球运动对绕过眼睛的皮层刺激所引发的光幻视位置的影响，以便为盲人恢复视力。
使用NeuroPace响应式神经刺激器（RNS）和Orion视觉皮层假体装置对无光感或仅有极少光感的盲人受试者的视觉皮层进行电刺激。在刺激的同时记录眼球位置，并使用手持标记物测量感知的位置。
皮层刺激诱发感知的位置会根据刺激时的眼球位置而发生偏移。可以根据测量的眼球位置对测量到的反应进行重新映射，以确定与植入电极相关的视网膜定位，重新映射后的反应具有受指向误差限制的方差。
即使经过多年失明，眼球运动仍主导着皮层刺激诱发的光幻视的感知位置。通过考虑眼球位置，我们可以模拟自然视力中的视网膜映射。
