The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
J Neurol. 2024 Nov;271(11):7156-7168. doi: 10.1007/s00415-024-12604-w. Epub 2024 Oct 24.
Implanted cortical neuroprosthetics (ICNs) are medical devices developed to replace dysfunctional neural pathways by creating information exchange between the brain and a digital system which can facilitate interaction with the external world. Over the last decade, researchers have explored the application of ICNs for diverse conditions including blindness, aphasia, and paralysis. Both transcranial and endovascular approaches have been used to record neural activity in humans, and in a laboratory setting, high-performance decoding of the signals associated with speech intention has been demonstrated. Particular progress towards a device which can move into clinical practice has been made with ICNs focussed on the restoration of speech and movement. This article provides an overview of contemporary ICNs for speech and movement restoration, their mechanisms of action and the unique ethical challenges raised by the field.
植入式皮质神经假体（ICNs）是为了通过在大脑和数字系统之间建立信息交换来替代功能失调的神经通路而开发的医疗设备，这有助于与外部世界进行交互。在过去的十年中，研究人员已经探索了将 ICN 应用于各种情况，包括失明、失语症和瘫痪。人们已经使用经颅和血管内方法来记录神经活动，并且在实验室环境中，已经证明了与言语意图相关的信号的高性能解码。在专注于言语和运动恢复的 ICN 方面，已经朝着可以进入临床实践的设备取得了特别进展。本文概述了用于言语和运动恢复的当代 ICN 及其作用机制，以及该领域提出的独特的伦理挑战。
