Department of Psychology and Social Work, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Child Abuse Negl. 2021 Sep;119(Pt 2):105087. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105087. Epub 2021 May 13.
Children exposed to violence are at risk of a range of adverse outcomes. Given the unique cultural and social context, understanding what fosters children's resilience in resource-limited areas such as sub-Saharan Africa, is vital.
Using data from the International Survey of Children's Well-Being (ISCWeB), this paper explores individual-, family-, and school-level factors associated with positive outcomes for children who have experienced some form of violence in Khomas region, Namibia.
Using a cross-sectional survey design, the ISCWeB questionnaire, assessing cognitive, affective, and psychological dimensions of well-being, child protection factors and violence exposure was administered to 2124 Grade four and six children.
Our sample had a mean age of 11.2 years. Overall, 56.8 % of children reported at least one incident of violence from an adult caregiver at home and 86.0 % of children reported some form of peer violence at school. Materially deprived children experienced higher incidence of both family and peer violence. The quality of children's relationships at home (β = 0.17, p < 0.001), and school (β = 0.07, p < 0.001) emerged as important protective factors for children's well-being for both types of violence, suggesting that supportive family and school relationships may be more important to the subjective well-being of children who experienced violence than material wellbeing, violence severity, and individual child factors.
Providing positive social interaction and emotional security in contextually and culturally appropriate ways within children's proximal systems should be prioritized while challenging norms that support violence in Namibian families and schools.
儿童遭受暴力会面临一系列不良后果。鉴于独特的文化和社会背景，了解在资源有限的地区（如撒哈拉以南非洲）促进儿童适应力的因素至关重要。
利用国际儿童福祉调查（ISCWeB）的数据，本文探讨纳米比亚赫马地区经历过某种形式暴力的儿童在个体、家庭和学校层面上与积极结果相关的因素。
本研究采用横断面调查设计，使用 ISCWeB 问卷评估认知、情感和心理福祉维度、儿童保护因素和暴力暴露情况，对 2124 名四年级和六年级的儿童进行了调查。
我们的样本平均年龄为 11.2 岁。总体而言，56.8%的儿童报告在家里至少经历过一次来自成人照顾者的暴力事件，86.0%的儿童报告在学校经历过某种形式的同伴暴力。物质匮乏的儿童遭受家庭和同伴暴力的发生率更高。儿童在家中（β=0.17，p<0.001）和学校（β=0.07，p<0.001）的关系质量是两种类型暴力对儿童福祉的重要保护因素，这表明在纳米比亚家庭和学校中，支持性的家庭和学校关系可能对经历过暴力的儿童的主观幸福感比物质福利、暴力严重程度和个体儿童因素更为重要。
在儿童的近端系统中以符合情境和文化的方式提供积极的社会互动和情感安全应优先考虑，同时挑战支持纳米比亚家庭和学校暴力的规范。
