The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2021 Jul;87:102036. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102036. Epub 2021 May 8.
A large body of research has emerged over the last decade examining empirical models of general and specific psychopathology, which take into account comorbidity among psychiatric disorders and enable investigation of risk and protective factors that are common across disorders. This systematic review presents findings from studies of empirical models of psychopathology and transdiagnostic risk and protective factors for psychopathology among young people (10-24 years). PsycInfo, Medline and EMBASE were searched from inception to November 2020, and 41 studies were identified that examined at least one risk or protective factor in relation to broad, empirically derived, psychopathology outcomes. Results revealed several biological (executive functioning deficits, earlier pubertal timing, genetic risk for ADHD and schizophrenia, reduced gray matter volume), socio-environmental (stressful life events, maternal depression) and psychological (low effortful control, high neuroticism, negative affectivity) transdiagnostic risk factors for broad psychopathology outcomes, including general psychopathology, internalising and externalising. Methodological complexities are discussed and recommendations for future studies of empirical models of psychopathology are presented. These results contribute to a growing body of support for transdiagnostic approaches to prevention and intervention for psychiatric disorders and highlight several promising avenues for future research.
在过去十年中，涌现出大量研究，探讨一般和特定精神病理学的实证模型，这些模型考虑到精神障碍之间的共病，并能够研究跨越障碍的风险和保护因素。本系统评价介绍了在年轻人（10-24 岁）中精神病理学的实证模型和跨诊断风险及保护因素的研究结果。从建立到 2020 年 11 月，在 PsycInfo、Medline 和 EMBASE 上进行了搜索，确定了 41 项研究，这些研究至少检查了与广泛的、经验得出的、精神病理学结果有关的一个风险或保护因素。结果显示，几个生物（执行功能缺陷、青春期提前、ADHD 和精神分裂症的遗传风险、灰质体积减少）、社会环境（生活压力事件、母亲抑郁）和心理（低努力控制、高神经质、负性情绪）的跨诊断风险因素与广泛的精神病理学结果有关，包括一般精神病理学、内化和外化。讨论了方法学的复杂性，并提出了实证模型研究的未来建议。这些结果为精神障碍的预防和干预的跨诊断方法提供了越来越多的支持，并强调了未来研究的几个有前途的途径。
