Petrova N N, Khvostikova D A
Saint-Petersburg State University, 8A 21 line of V. O., St. Petersburg 199106, Russian Fedeartion, e-mail:
Adv Gerontol. 2021;34(1):152-159.
This review focuses on assessing the prevalence and risk factors of mental disorders in older adults in the current era, including the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Elsevier, Google, using keywords over the past 10 years was conducted. It is shown that data on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the elderly population, including in comparison with young adults, diverge significantly. The significant incidence of mental disorders among nursing home residents is highlighted. The relevance of non-psychotic disorders of the depressive and anxiety spectrum in older adults is demonstrated. The difficulty of diagnosing mental disorders associated with somatic pathology as well as cognitive disorders in elderly patients is demonstrated. Risk factors for mental disorders in older adults are socio-demographic as well as economic, psychological and somatic factors. The problem of mental health of the elderly under the COVID-19 pandemic associated with specific risk factors for mental disorders is characterized. The shortage of evidence-based research in the treatment of mental disorders in old age and the urgency to improve the organization of psychiatric care for such patients are noted. Understanding the structure and prevalence of mental disorders among the elderly will allow to optimize the work of the healthcare system.
本综述着重评估当前时代老年人精神障碍的患病率及风险因素，包括新冠疫情期间的情况。我们使用关键词对过去十年PubMed、爱思唯尔、谷歌上的文献进行了系统综述。结果显示，老年人群精神疾病患病率的数据，包括与年轻人相比的数据，差异显著。养老院居民中精神障碍的高发病率受到关注。抑郁和焦虑谱系非精神病性障碍在老年人中的相关性得到证实。还证实了老年患者中与躯体疾病相关的精神障碍以及认知障碍的诊断困难。老年人精神障碍的风险因素包括社会人口学因素以及经济、心理和躯体因素。描述了新冠疫情下老年人心理健康问题与精神障碍特定风险因素的关联。指出了老年精神障碍治疗方面循证研究的不足以及改善此类患者精神科护理组织的紧迫性。了解老年人精神障碍的结构和患病率将有助于优化医疗系统的工作。
