Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Apr 28;12:626427. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.626427. eCollection 2021.
Pituitary hormone axes modulate glucose metabolism and exert direct or indirect effects on insulin secretion and function. Cortisol and growth hormone are potent insulin-antagonistic hormones. Therefore impaired glucose tolerance, elevated fasting glucose concentrations and diabetes mellitus are frequent in Cushing's disease and acromegaly. Also prolactinomas, growth hormone (GH) deficiency, hypogonadism and hypothyroidism might be associated with impaired glucose homeostasis but usually to a lesser extent. Therefore glucose metabolism needs to be closely monitored and treated in patients with pituitary adenomas. Correction of the pituitary dysfunction is frequently followed by improvement of glucose homeostasis.
垂体激素轴调节糖代谢，并对胰岛素分泌和功能发挥直接或间接的作用。皮质醇和生长激素是强有力的胰岛素拮抗激素。因此，库欣病和肢端肥大症常伴有葡萄糖耐量受损、空腹血糖浓度升高和糖尿病。此外，催乳素瘤、生长激素（GH）缺乏、性腺功能减退和甲状腺功能减退也可能与糖稳态受损有关，但通常程度较轻。因此，需要密切监测和治疗垂体腺瘤患者的糖代谢。纠正垂体功能障碍后，糖代谢通常会得到改善。
