Vaquero Cristian, Loira Iris, Heras José María, Carrau Francisco, González Carmen, Morata Antonio
EnotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Lallemand, Madrid, Spain.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Apr 29;12:656262. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.656262. eCollection 2021.
Global warming is causing serious problems, especially, in warm regions, where musts with excess sugars and high pH produce wines with decreased freshness and unstable evolution. This study aimed to determine biocompatibility between yeast species, the capacity for microbiological acidification, and the aromatic profile produced in ternary fermentations in which has been co-inoculated with , , or , and the fermentation process is subsequently completed with sequential inoculation of . For this purpose, different cell culture media and instruments were used such as infrared spectroscopy, enzymatic autoanalyzer, chromatograph coupled with a flame ionization detector, spectrophotometric analysis, among others. The behavior of these yeasts was evaluated alone and in co-inoculation, always finishing the fermentation with sequential inoculation of , at a stable temperature of 16°C and with a low level of sulfites (25 mg/L) in white must. Significant results were obtained in terms of biocompatibility using population counts (CFU/ml) in differential plating media that permitted monitoring. Quantification of the five species was studied. Concerning acidification by in co-inoculations, we showed some metabolic interactions, such as the inhibition of acidification when / were used, generating just over 0.13 g/L of lactic acid and, conversely, a synergistic effect when / were used, achieving 3.2 g/L of lactic acid and a reduction in pH of up to 0.33. A diminution in alcohol content higher than 0.6% v/v was observed in co-inoculation with the / yeasts, with total sugar consumption and very slow completion of fermentation in the inoculations with and . The aromatic composition of the wines obtained was analyzed and a sensory evaluation conducted, and it was found that both and co-inoculations retained more aromatic esters over time and had a lower evolution toward the yellow tones typical of oxidation and that the best sensory evaluation was that of the Lt + Mp co-inoculation. and co-inoculations produced wines with low levels of volatile acidity (<0.4 g/L). This work shows that good consortia strategies with binary and ternary fermentations of yeast strains can be a powerful bio-tool for producing more complex wines.
全球变暖正在引发严重问题,尤其是在温暖地区,糖分过量且pH值较高的葡萄汁会酿造出新鲜度降低且陈化不稳定的葡萄酒。本研究旨在确定酵母菌种之间的生物相容性、微生物酸化能力以及在三元发酵中产生的香气特征,其中 与 、 或 共同接种,随后通过依次接种 完成发酵过程。为此,使用了不同的细胞培养基和仪器,如红外光谱仪、酶自动分析仪、配有火焰离子化检测器的色谱仪、分光光度分析等。这些酵母单独接种和共同接种时的行为均进行了评估,发酵过程始终在16°C的稳定温度下,使用低水平的亚硫酸盐(25毫克/升)在白葡萄汁中依次接种 来完成。使用差分平板培养基中的菌落计数(CFU/毫升)监测生物相容性,获得了显著结果。研究了这五个菌种的定量。关于共同接种时 的酸化作用,我们发现了一些代谢相互作用,例如使用 / 时酸化受到抑制,仅产生略高于0.13克/升的乳酸,相反,使用 / 时产生协同效应,产生3.2克/升的乳酸且pH值降低高达0.33。与 / 酵母共同接种时,酒精含量降低超过0.6%(体积/体积),在接种 和 时总糖消耗且发酵完成非常缓慢。对所获得葡萄酒的香气成分进行了分析并进行了感官评价,发现 和共同接种随着时间推移保留了更多的芳香酯,并且向氧化典型的黄色调的演变较少,感官评价最佳的是 Lt + Mp 共同接种。 和共同接种产生的葡萄酒挥发性酸度较低(<0.4克/升)。这项工作表明,酵母菌株二元和三元发酵的良好组合策略可以成为生产更复杂葡萄酒的强大生物工具。