Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
J Environ Public Health. 2021 Apr 27;2021:5514073. doi: 10.1155/2021/5514073. eCollection 2021.
Studies have proved that exposure of adults to phthalates might be related to cardiometabolic risk factors and changes in markers of oxidative stress. Such studies conducted on school-age children and adolescents are limited and fail to assess the simultaneous effect of phthalates on these risk factors and oxidative stress markers. Therefore, it was attempted to identify the relationship of urinary phthalate metabolites with cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress markers in children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, 108 children and adolescents, living in Isfahan industrial city of Iran, were examined. Urine samples taken from the participants were analyzed for mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-exohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-methyl phthalate (MMP).
Results showed that, among phthalate metabolites, MBP had the highest concentration, followed by MBzP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MEHP, and MMP. Concentrations of these metabolites had a significant relationship with some of the cardiometabolic risk factors including systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and triglycerides (TG) ( < 0.05). Furthermore, the crude and adjusted linear regression models indicated the significant association of phthalate metabolites with superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ( < 0.05).
Although urinary phthalate concentrations could not exactly reflect the long-term exposure level in the studied age groups, the consumption of phthalate-free products during childhood and adolescent development shall be assumed helpful in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. To confirm these findings and develop effective intervention strategies, it would be necessary to perform longitudinal studies on diverse population.
研究表明，成年人接触邻苯二甲酸酯可能与心血管代谢危险因素和氧化应激标志物的变化有关。此类针对学龄儿童和青少年开展的研究十分有限，无法评估邻苯二甲酸酯同时对这些危险因素和氧化应激标志物的影响。因此，本研究旨在确定儿童和青少年尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物与心血管代谢危险因素和氧化应激标志物之间的关系。在这项横断面研究中，研究人员共检测了 108 名居住在伊朗伊斯法罕工业城市的儿童和青少年。研究人员对参与者的尿液样本进行了分析，以检测单丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（MBP）、单苄基邻苯二甲酸酯（MBzP）、单（2-乙基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MEHP）、单（2-乙基-5-羟己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MEHHP）、单（2-乙基-5-氧己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MEOHP）和单甲基邻苯二甲酸酯（MMP）的含量。
结果显示，在所检测的邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物中，MBP 的浓度最高，其次是 MBzP、MEOHP、MEHHP、MEHP 和 MMP。这些代谢物的浓度与一些心血管代谢危险因素呈显著相关，包括收缩压（SBP）、空腹血糖（FBS）和甘油三酯（TG）（ < 0.05）。此外，未经调整和调整后的线性回归模型均表明，邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物与超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）和稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）呈显著相关（ < 0.05）。
尽管尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯的浓度并不能准确反映研究年龄段的长期暴露水平，但在儿童和青少年发育期间，使用无邻苯二甲酸酯产品应有助于维持健康的生活方式。为了证实这些发现并制定有效的干预策略，有必要在不同人群中开展纵向研究。
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