Aynalem Getasew Amogne, Bekele Tadesse Alemu, Berhe Tirhas Tadesse, Endazenew Getabalew
Pharmacy Department, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, Universal Medical and Business College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
SAGE Open Med. 2021 Apr 28;9:20503121211012523. doi: 10.1177/20503121211012523. eCollection 2021.
Adherence to lifestyle modification in addition to medication adherence is very important in preventing complications. Nevertheless, lifestyle modification guidelines are not widely followed by patients with hypertension. The objective of the study was to explore the predictors of compliance with lifestyle modification among patients with hypertension at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019.
A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 384 patients with hypertension were included in this study. A systematic sampling method was used to select study participants. The data were collected through an interview method by using a structured questionnaire. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS. Each variable was summarized using summary statistics. To measure the association between lifestyle modification and its predictors, a bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used. P-value < 0.05, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to determine statistical significance, direction, and strength of association.
Two hundred six (53.6%) patients with hypertension had poor adherence to the recommended lifestyle modification. Male patients with hypertension were more adherent to lifestyle modification compared with female patients (adjusted OR (AOR) = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39-0.92). The rate of poor adherence was 1.86 times higher among patients with hypertension diagnosis of <5 years compared with patients with hypertension diagnosis of ⩾5 years(AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.19-2.89). Patients who were adherent to their medication were 2.13 times to have poor adherence to lifestyle modification compared with medication non-adherent patients (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.38-3.27).
High proportions of patients with hypertension were non-adherent to lifestyle modification. Sex, age, duration of the disease, and medication adherence were significantly associated with lifestyle modification adherence. Close follow-up of female patients, the elderly, and patients with a short duration of hypertension is recommended.
除坚持服药外，坚持生活方式改变对于预防并发症非常重要。然而，高血压患者并未广泛遵循生活方式改变指南。本研究的目的是探讨2019年埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴耶卡提12医院医学院高血压患者生活方式改变依从性的预测因素。
采用描述性横断面研究设计。本研究共纳入384例高血压患者。采用系统抽样方法选择研究参与者。通过使用结构化问卷的访谈方法收集数据。使用SPSS输入和分析数据。每个变量使用汇总统计进行总结。为了测量生活方式改变与其预测因素之间的关联，使用了双变量和多变量逻辑回归模型。P值<0.05、比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）用于确定统计学意义、关联方向和强度。
206例（53.6%）高血压患者对推荐的生活方式改变依从性差。与女性高血压患者相比，男性高血压患者对生活方式改变的依从性更高（调整后OR（AOR）=0.60，95%CI：0.39-0.92）。与高血压诊断≥5年的患者相比，高血压诊断<5年的患者依从性差的发生率高1.86倍（AOR=1.86，95%CI：1.19-2.89）。与不服药的患者相比，坚持服药的患者生活方式改变依从性差的可能性高2.13倍（AOR=2.13，95%CI：1.38-3.27）。
高血压患者中很大一部分人不坚持生活方式改变。性别、年龄、病程和服药依从性与生活方式改变依从性显著相关。建议对女性患者、老年人和高血压病程短的患者进行密切随访。
