Dauchet Luc, Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle, Czernichow Sébastien, Bertrais Sandrine, Estaquio Carla, Péneau Sandrine, Vergnaud Anne-Claire, Chat-Yung Stacie, Castetbon Katia, Deschamps Valérie, Brindel Pauline, Hercberg Serge
UMR U557 INSERM, France.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jun;85(6):1650-6. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1650.
Although short-term effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on blood pressure have been shown in intervention studies, less is known about the long-term effects.
The aim was to study the relation between dietary patterns based on DASH diet characteristics and blood pressure (BP) and BP change in a clinical trial of antioxidants conducted in France from 1994 to 2002.
Repeated 24-h dietary records were collected during the first year of follow-up. Dietary variables studied included fruit and vegetables, dairy products and fat (defined by Keys score), and two hypothesis-oriented scores based on the DASH diet. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of BP measured at the first clinical examination (1995-1996) in 4652 participants aged 35-63 y and a longitudinal analysis of BP change over a median follow-up of 5.4 y (n = 2341).
The mean increases in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BPs were 9.3 and 4.5 mm Hg, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with lower SBP and DBP at first clinical examination (P for trend < 0.02 for both) and a lower 5-y increase in SBP (-2.1 mm Hg in the 4th compared with the 1st quartile; P for trend < 0.004) and DBP (-0.7 mm Hg in the 4th compared with the 1st quartile; P for trend < 0.03). The 2 DASH scores also were significantly associated with a lower BP at the first clinical examination and a lower BP increase. No significant relations were observed with dairy products or Keys score in either analyses.
These results suggest that high fruit and vegetable intakes may be associated with a lower increase in BP with aging.
尽管在干预研究中已表明终止高血压膳食疗法（DASH 饮食）对血压的短期影响，但对其长期影响了解较少。
旨在研究基于 DASH 饮食特征的膳食模式与血压（BP）以及 1994 年至 2002 年在法国进行的一项抗氧化剂临床试验中的血压变化之间的关系。
在随访的第一年收集重复的 24 小时饮食记录。研究的饮食变量包括水果和蔬菜、乳制品和脂肪（由凯斯评分定义），以及基于 DASH 饮食的两个假设导向评分。我们对 4652 名年龄在 35 - 63 岁的参与者在首次临床检查（1995 - 1996 年）时测量的血压进行了横断面分析，并对中位随访 5.4 年（n = 2341）期间的血压变化进行了纵向分析。
收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）的平均升高分别为 9.3 和 4.5 毫米汞柱。在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，较高的水果和蔬菜摄入量与首次临床检查时较低的 SBP 和 DBP 相关（两者趋势 P < 0.02），以及 SBP 的 5 年较低升高（第四四分位数与第一四分位数相比为 -2.1 毫米汞柱；趋势 P < 0.004）和 DBP（第四四分位数与第一四分位数相比为 -0.7 毫米汞柱；趋势 P < 0.03）。这两个 DASH 评分在首次临床检查时也与较低的血压和较低的血压升高显著相关。在任何一项分析中，均未观察到与乳制品或凯斯评分有显著关系。
这些结果表明，高水果和蔬菜摄入量可能与随着年龄增长血压升高幅度较低有关。
