Zanet Stefania, Ferroglio Ezio, Orlandini Filippo, Bassano Bruno, Battisti Elena, Brambilla Alice
Department Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Gran Paradiso National Park, Alpine Wildlife Research Center, Noasca, Italy.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Apr 29;8:663268. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.663268. eCollection 2021.
Pneumonia is the most frequent cause of death for Alpine ibex () in Gran Paradiso National Park, (Italy). The etiology of this form of pneumonia is currently unknown and the identification of the primary etiological agent remains difficult due to biological and logistic constraints. Uncovering individual differences in Protostrongylid prevalence and intensity is important to further investigate the epidemiology of respiratory diseases and their relationship to heterozygosity and inbreeding in a once almost extinct population like . In a group of 21 individually recognizable adult male we monitored monthly prevalence and intensity of Protostrongylid first-stage larvae using Baerman's technique from June to September 2019. First-stage larvae of 5 genera were detected. ( = 100%, CI = 84-100) and ( = 86%, CI:71-100) were two dominant genera according to Bush's importance index. ( = 38%,CI: 17-59), ( = 33%,CI = 13-53) were classified as co-dominant genera while ( = 0.05%, CI = 0.04-0.13) was detected, for the first time in Alpine ibex, in one subject. Protostrongylidae larval excretion varied significantly over time, with minimum L1 excretion in July. Individual median larval intensity ranged from 4.4 lpg to 82.2 lpg with Poulin's discrepancy index showing highly aggregated distribution patterns for . ( = 0.283, CI = 0.760-0.895) and spp. ( = 0.635, CI = 0.580-0.705). Presented data provide the necessary base point to further investigate how lungworm infection account for the different rates of progression of pneumonia in . Individual aggregation of larval intensity must be further evaluated to determine whether these differences mirror different levels of parasitic infection related to individual differences in immune response, hormonal-states or genetic fitness.
肺炎是意大利大帕拉迪索国家公园内阿尔卑斯野山羊死亡的最常见原因。这种肺炎的病因目前尚不清楚，由于生物学和后勤方面的限制，主要病原体的鉴定仍然困难。揭示原圆线虫的流行率和感染强度的个体差异，对于进一步研究呼吸系统疾病的流行病学及其与像阿尔卑斯野山羊这样曾经几乎灭绝的种群的杂合性和近亲繁殖的关系很重要。在一组21只个体可识别的成年雄性阿尔卑斯野山羊中，我们于2019年6月至9月使用贝尔曼技术每月监测原圆线虫第一期幼虫的流行率和感染强度。检测到了5个属的第一期幼虫。根据布什重要性指数，原圆线虫属（检出率=100%，置信区间=84-100）和细颈线虫属（检出率=86%，置信区间：71-100）是两个优势属。缪勒线虫属（检出率=38%，置信区间：17-59）、似细颈线虫属（检出率=33%，置信区间=13-53）被归类为共优势属，而在一只阿尔卑斯野山羊个体中首次检测到毛圆线虫属（检出率=0.05%，置信区间=0.04-0.13）。原圆线虫科幼虫排泄物随时间变化显著，7月的第一期幼虫排泄物最少。个体幼虫感染强度中位数范围为4.4条/克粪便至82.2条/克粪便，普林差异指数显示原圆线虫属（D=0.283，置信区间=0.760-0.895）和细颈线虫属（D=0.635，置信区间=0.580-0.705）呈高度聚集分布模式。所提供的数据为进一步研究肺线虫感染如何导致阿尔卑斯野山羊肺炎不同进展率提供了必要的基点。幼虫感染强度的个体聚集情况必须进一步评估，以确定这些差异是否反映了与免疫反应、激素状态或遗传适应性个体差异相关的不同寄生虫感染水平。
