Baugh Christine M, Gedlaman Mason A, Daneshvar Daniel H, Kroshus Emily
Center for Bioethics and Humanities, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2021 Apr 28;9(4):23259671211001129. doi: 10.1177/23259671211001129. eCollection 2021 Apr.
Football participation is associated with risks to acute and long-term health, including the possibility of incurring football-related dementia. Concerns have been raised regarding media coverage of these risks, which may have influenced athletes' beliefs. However, little is known about football players' views on football-related dementia. The risk-perception literature suggests that related risk perceptions and features of individual cognition, such as the ability to switch to reasoned, deliberative thinking, may influence individual perception of a long-term risk.
To evaluate factors influencing college football players' belief that they are likely to incur football-related dementia in the future.
Cross-sectional study.
Members of 4 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Power 5 Football teams participated in this survey-based study, providing responses to demographic, athletic, and risk-posture questions, and completed the cognitive reflection test. Logistic regressions were used to evaluate relationships between beliefs about football-related dementia and factors including athletic and demographic characteristics, football risk posture, health-risk posture, and cognitive reflection test score.
About 10% of the 296 participating athletes thought football-related dementia was likely to occur in their future. Skill players had lower odds than linemen of believing that football-related dementia was likely (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.89). For each additional suspected concussion in an athlete's career, his odds of believing football-related dementia was likely increased by 24% (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07-1.45). Acute and chronic football-related risk perceptions, as well as non-football-related health-risk perceptions, were positively associated with athletes' belief that football-related dementia was likely. Higher cognitive reflection test scores, a measure of ability to switch to slow, deliberative thinking, was positively associated with odds of believing football-related dementia was likely (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.12-2.21).
Some athletes view football as generally riskier, while others view football as generally lessri sky. These risk postures are informed by athletes' concussion history, primary playing position, and ability to switch from fast, reactive thinking to slow, deliberative thinking. Ensuring that athletes are appropriately informed of the risks of participation is an ethical obligation of universities; sports medicine clinicians are appropriate facilitators of conversations about athletes' health risks.
参与足球运动与急性和长期健康风险相关，包括患与足球相关痴呆症的可能性。人们对媒体对这些风险的报道表示担忧，这可能影响了运动员的认知。然而，对于足球运动员对与足球相关痴呆症的看法知之甚少。风险认知文献表明，相关风险认知以及个体认知的特征，如转向理性、审慎思考的能力，可能会影响个体对长期风险的认知。
评估影响大学足球运动员认为自己未来可能患与足球相关痴呆症的因素。
横断面研究。
4支美国国家大学体育协会（NCAA）一级联盟实力5强足球队的队员参与了这项基于调查的研究，他们回答了人口统计学、运动方面和风险态势方面的问题，并完成了认知反思测试。使用逻辑回归来评估关于与足球相关痴呆症的信念与包括运动和人口统计学特征、足球风险态势、健康风险态势以及认知反思测试分数等因素之间的关系。
在296名参与调查的运动员中，约10%的人认为自己未来可能患与足球相关的痴呆症。技术型球员比前锋认为自己可能患与足球相关痴呆症的几率更低（优势比[OR]，0.35；95%置信区间，0.14 - 0.89）。运动员职业生涯中每增加一次疑似脑震荡，其认为自己可能患与足球相关痴呆症的几率就会增加24%（OR，1.24；95%置信区间，1.07 - 1.4）。与足球相关的急性和慢性风险认知以及与足球无关的健康风险认知，均与运动员认为自己可能患与足球相关痴呆症的信念呈正相关。较高的认知反思测试分数，即一种转向缓慢、审慎思考能力的衡量指标，与认为自己可能患与足球相关痴呆症的几率呈正相关（OR，1.57；95%置信区间，1.12 - 2.21）。
一些运动员认为足球总体风险更高，而另一些运动员则认为足球总体风险较低。这些风险态势受运动员脑震荡病史、主要比赛位置以及从快速、反应性思维转向缓慢、审慎思维的能力影响。确保运动员充分了解参与运动的风险是大学的一项道德义务；运动医学临床医生是关于运动员健康风险谈话的合适促进者。
