Knab B, Engel R R
Psychiatric Hospital, University of Munich, West Germany.
Sleep. 1988 Jun;11(3):265-72. doi: 10.1093/sleep/11.3.265.
Perception of awakening, its connection to electroencephalogram (EEG), and its significance for morning recall were studied in insomniacs and normals. Fourteen insomniacs and 14 age- and sex-matched controls kept a sleep log for 1 week and slept once in the laboratory (standard polygraphy). In addition, actual perception of awakening was measured by a behavioral device. Results suggest that physiological arousal is necessary, but not sufficient, for perception of awakening. Many arousals that are not perceived occur during the first REM-NREM cycle. Insomniacs nearly exclusively perceive those arousals occurring after consolidated sleep (at least 15 min) and at the beginning of interrupted sleep intervals. It is suggested that insomniacs perceive these intervals as continuous wakefulness and have difficulty in perceiving short-lasting sleep, whereas controls often do not perceive wakefulness at all. The latter may be a sleep-protecting mechanism. Number and correlation suggest that recalled awakenings are exactly those perceived. The connection between physiological and experimental subjective data is discussed.
对失眠者和正常人的觉醒感知、其与脑电图（EEG）的联系及其对早晨回忆的意义进行了研究。14名失眠者以及14名年龄和性别匹配的对照组人员记录了1周的睡眠日志，并在实验室进行了一次睡眠监测（标准多导睡眠图）。此外，通过行为装置测量实际的觉醒感知。结果表明，生理唤醒对于觉醒感知是必要的，但并非充分条件。在第一个快速眼动 - 非快速眼动周期中会出现许多未被感知到的唤醒。失眠者几乎只感知到在巩固睡眠（至少15分钟）之后以及中断睡眠间隔开始时出现的那些唤醒。有人认为，失眠者将这些间隔视为持续清醒，并且难以感知到短暂的睡眠，而对照组人员通常根本不会感知到清醒状态。后者可能是一种睡眠保护机制。数量和相关性表明，回忆起的觉醒恰好是那些被感知到的。文中讨论了生理数据与实验主观数据之间的联系。
