Unidad de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Especialidades Médicas y Salud Pública, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
Rev Clin Esp (Barc). 2021 May;221(5):264-273. doi: 10.1016/j.rceng.2020.10.005. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
Little is known regarding the relevance of racial/ethnic background to the risk for COVID-19 infection, particularly in Europe. We evaluated the risk of COVID-19 among migrants from different areas of the world within the context of universal free access to medical care.
We conducted a population-based cohort analysis of the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 among adult residents of Alcorcon (Spain) in the first wave of the disease up to April 25, 2020.
The crude cumulative incidence among migrants (n = 20419) was higher than among Spaniards (n = 131599): 8.81 and 6.51 and per 1000 inhabitants, respectively (p < .001), but differed by region of origin. As per a negative binomial regression adjusted for age and sex, relative risk (RR) for COVID-19 for individuals from Europe, Asia, or North Africa was not significantly different from Spaniards. In contrast, a markedly increased risk was found in people from Sub-Saharan Africa (RR 3.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-9.41, p = .007), the Caribbean (RR 6.35, 95% CI 3.83-10.55, p < .001), and Latin America (RR 6.92, 95% CI 4.49-10.67, p < .001).
Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America exhibited increased risk for COVID-19 as compared to Spaniards or migrants from Europe, North Africa, or Asia. Our data suggest ethnic background may play a role in risk for COVID-19. Migrants from some areas of the world may merit closer attention for both clinical and epidemiological reasons.
关于种族/族裔背景与 COVID-19 感染风险的相关性，尤其是在欧洲，人们知之甚少。我们评估了在普遍享有免费医疗保健的情况下，来自世界不同地区的移民感染 COVID-19 的风险。
我们对西班牙阿尔科尔孔（Alcorcon）的成年居民在该疾病的第一波期间（截至 2020 年 4 月 25 日）的 PCR 确诊 COVID-19 的累积发病率进行了基于人群的队列分析。
移民（n=20419）的粗累积发病率高于西班牙人（n=131599）：分别为 8.81 和 6.51/每 1000 名居民（p<0.001），但因原籍地区而异。根据年龄和性别调整的负二项式回归，来自欧洲、亚洲或北非的个体患 COVID-19 的相对风险（RR）与西班牙人无显著差异。相比之下，来自撒哈拉以南非洲（RR 3.66，95%置信区间（CI）1.42-9.41，p=0.007）、加勒比地区（RR 6.35，95%CI 3.83-10.55，p<0.001）和拉丁美洲（RR 6.92，95%CI 4.49-10.67，p<0.001）的人的风险显著增加。
与西班牙人或来自欧洲、北非或亚洲的移民相比，来自撒哈拉以南非洲、加勒比地区和拉丁美洲的移民感染 COVID-19 的风险增加。我们的数据表明，种族背景可能在 COVID-19 风险中起作用。来自世界某些地区的移民可能需要密切关注，无论是出于临床原因还是流行病学原因。
