Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) St, Lubbock, Tx, 79430, USA.
Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) St, Lubbock, Tx, 79430, USA.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2021 Jul 1;531:111324. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111324. Epub 2021 May 14.
Approximately 70%-85% of breast cancers express androgen receptors (ARs). The role of AR in breast cancer pathogenesis is currently in exploration. Both androgens and anti-androgens have demonstrated variable inhibitory and stimulatory effects in AR-positive breast cancer depending on estrogen receptor and HER2 co-expression. Androgen signaling pathways interact with other critical cellular pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, and estrogen signaling pathways. Therapeutic exploitation of AR has been the crux of management of prostate cancer for decades. In recent years there has been increasing interest in AR as a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer. There have been many early phase clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of various AR-targeted agents in breast cancer. Some of these studies have shown promising clinical benefits. Studies of biomarkers to identify the patients likely to benefit from AR-targeted therapies are currently in progress. Besides, AR expression may be an important prognostic and predictive marker for breast cancer, which needs to be defined better in future studies.
大约 70%-85%的乳腺癌表达雄激素受体 (AR)。AR 在乳腺癌发病机制中的作用目前仍在探索中。雄激素和抗雄激素在 AR 阳性乳腺癌中具有不同的抑制和刺激作用，具体取决于雌激素受体和 HER2 的共表达。雄激素信号通路与其他关键细胞通路相互作用，如 PI3K/AKT/mTOR、Ras/Raf/MAPK/ERK、Wnt/β-catenin 和雌激素信号通路。几十年来，雄激素受体的治疗利用一直是前列腺癌管理的关键。近年来，人们对雄激素作为乳腺癌的一种新的治疗靶点越来越感兴趣。已经有许多早期临床试验评估了各种 AR 靶向药物在乳腺癌中的安全性和疗效。其中一些研究显示出了有前景的临床获益。目前正在进行研究生物标志物以识别可能受益于 AR 靶向治疗的患者。此外，AR 表达可能是乳腺癌的一个重要预后和预测标志物，需要在未来的研究中进一步明确。
