Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 2095, Auckland, 1140, New Zealand.
Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Entomology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, Budapest, H-1118, Hungary.
BMC Genomics. 2021 May 17;22(1):355. doi: 10.1186/s12864-021-07678-z.
Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is native to East Asia but has invaded many countries in the world. BMSB is a polyphagous insect pest and causes significant economic losses to agriculture worldwide. Knowledge on the genetic diversity among BMSB populations is scarce but is essential to understand the patterns of colonization and invasion history of local populations. Efforts have been made to assess the genetic diversity of BMSB using partial mitochondrial DNA sequences but genetic divergence on mitochondria is not high enough to precisely accurately identify and distinguish various BMSB populations. Therefore, in this study, we applied a ddRAD (double digest restriction-site associated DNA) sequencing approach to ascertain the genetic diversity of BMSB populations collected from 12 countries (2 native and 10 invaded) across four continents with the ultimate aim to trace the origin of BMSBs intercepted during border inspections and post-border surveillance.
A total of 1775 high confidence single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified from ddRAD sequencing data collected from 389 adult BMSB individuals. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the identified SNPs indicated the existence of two main distinct genetic clusters representing individuals sampled from regions where BMSB is native to, China and Japan, respectively, and one broad cluster comprised individuals sampled from countries which have been invaded by BMSB. The population genetic structure analysis further discriminated the genetic diversity among the BMSB populations at a higher resolution and distinguished them into five potential genetic clusters.
The study revealed hidden genetic diversity among the studied BMSB populations across the continents. The BMSB populations from Japan were genetically distant from the other studied populations. Similarly, the BMSB populations from China were also genetically differentiated from the Japanese and other populations. Further genetic structure analysis revealed the presence of at least three genetic clusters of BMSB in the invaded countries, possibly originating via multiple invasions. Furthermore, this study has produced novel set of SNP markers to enhance the knowledge of genetic diversity among BMSB populations and demonstrates the potential to trace the origin of BMSB individuals for future invasion events.
褐纹东方蝽（BMSB），也称稻褐蝽，原产于东亚，但已入侵世界许多国家。BMSB 是一种多食性害虫，给全世界的农业造成了重大经济损失。尽管人们已经努力利用部分线粒体 DNA 序列评估 BMSB 种群的遗传多样性，但线粒体的遗传分化程度还不够高，无法准确识别和区分各种 BMSB 种群。因此，在本研究中，我们采用 ddRAD（双酶切相关 DNA 测序）测序方法，确定了来自四大洲 12 个国家（2 个原产国和 10 个入侵国）的 BMSB 种群的遗传多样性，其最终目的是追踪在边境检查和边境后监测中截获的 BMSB 的起源。
从 389 只成年 BMSB 个体的 ddRAD 测序数据中鉴定出 1775 个高置信度的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。鉴定 SNP 的主成分分析（PCA）表明，存在两个主要的遗传聚类，分别代表 BMSB 原产国中国和日本的个体，以及一个由来自 BMSB 入侵国家的个体组成的广泛聚类。种群遗传结构分析进一步在更高分辨率上区分了 BMSB 种群的遗传多样性，并将它们分为五个潜在的遗传聚类。
该研究揭示了跨大陆研究的 BMSB 种群之间隐藏的遗传多样性。日本的 BMSB 种群与其他研究种群在遗传上相距甚远。同样，中国的 BMSB 种群也与日本和其他种群在遗传上存在分化。进一步的遗传结构分析显示，入侵国家至少存在三个 BMSB 遗传聚类，可能是通过多次入侵形成的。此外，本研究产生了一套新的 SNP 标记，增强了对 BMSB 种群遗传多样性的认识，并展示了追踪未来入侵事件中 BMSB 个体起源的潜力。
