Work Environment Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, One University Avenue, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA.
, Mariana de Osorio sin numero, Olmue, Region de Valparaiso, Chile.
BMC Public Health. 2021 May 17;21(1):927. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10952-0.
Precarious work is a broad definition for non-standard employment, often including unstable and insecure positions where workers permanently experience uncertainty; these types of jobs are growing steadily around the planet. Since the coup d'état in 1973, Chile has experienced a series of structural economic changes framed by neoliberal ideas cemented in the "Constitution of Pinochet." Precarious work in Chile is a direct consequence of these ideas. This multidimensional phenomenon has progressively been entering employment areas where it was not previously present. As a result, there has been a rise in work precarization and its full impact on health is not well known. The goal of this study was to estimate the association of work precariousness with mental health outcomes in Chilean workers.
Data were obtained from the Chilean Survey of Work and Health 2009-2010 (ENETS). Only valid records of salaried workers (excluding hourly-only or commission-only workers) in the private sector without missing values were included (n = 1900). After applying appropriate sampling weights, 1,461,727 workers were represented. Mental health was estimated as anxiety/depression levels using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A multilevel multivariate generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with negative binomial and log link distribution was used to study the association between precariousness and depression/anxiety.
Looking at the overall precariousness scale (range from zero to four), we observed an increase of approximately 34% in the depression/anxiety score (scale range from 0 to 36) for every unit on the precarious work overall scale (Relative Risk = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.28, 1.42) controlling for age, sex, and occupational group.
Precarious work was associated with anxiety and depression as measured with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Controlling for demographic variables changed neither the direction nor the magnitude of the association.
不稳定工作是对非标准就业的广义定义，通常包括不稳定和不安全的职位，工人在这些职位中经常面临不确定性；这种类型的工作在全球范围内稳步增长。自 1973 年政变以来，智利经历了一系列以新自由主义思想为框架的结构性经济变革，这些思想在皮诺切特的“宪法”中得到巩固。智利的不稳定工作是这些思想的直接后果。这种多维度的现象逐渐进入了以前不存在的就业领域。因此，工作不稳定的情况有所增加，但其对健康的全面影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是估计智利工人工作不稳定与心理健康结果之间的关联。
数据来自 2009-2010 年智利工作与健康调查（ENETS）。仅包括私营部门无薪工人（不包括仅按小时或仅按佣金计薪的工人）的有效记录，且无缺失值（n=1900）。在应用适当的抽样权重后，代表了 1,461,727 名工人。使用 12 项一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）评估心理健康状况，即焦虑/抑郁水平。采用具有负二项分布和对数链接分布的多水平多变量广义线性混合模型（GLMM）来研究不稳定与抑郁/焦虑之间的关系。
从整体不稳定程度量表（范围从 0 到 4）来看，我们观察到不稳定工作总量表每增加一个单位，抑郁/焦虑评分（范围从 0 到 36）增加约 34%（相对风险=1.34，95%CI=1.28,1.42），控制年龄、性别和职业组别。
不稳定工作与使用 12 项一般健康问卷测量的焦虑和抑郁有关。控制人口统计学变量既没有改变关联的方向，也没有改变关联的程度。
