Okely Anthony D, Kariippanon Katharina E, Guan Hongyan, Taylor Ellie K, Suesse Thomas, Cross Penny L, Chong Kar Hau, Suherman Adang, Turab Ali, Staiano Amanda E, Ha Amy S, El Hamdouchi Asmaa, Baig Aqsa, Poh Bee Koon, Del Pozo-Cruz Borja, Chan Cecilia H S, Nyström Christine Delisle, Koh Denise, Webster E Kipling, Lubree Himangi, Tang Hong Kim, Baddou Issad, Del Pozo-Cruz Jesus, Wong Jyh Eiin, Sultoni Kuston, Nacher Maria, Löf Marie, Cui Mingming, Hossain Mohammad Sorowar, Chathurangana P W Prasad, Kand Uddhavi, Wickramasinghe V P Pujitha, Calleia Rebecca, Ferdous Shameema, Van Kim Thanh, Wang Xiaojuan, Draper Catherine E
Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
Department of Early Childhood Development, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
BMC Public Health. 2021 May 17;21(1):940. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10852-3.
BACKGROUND: The restrictions associated with the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes to young children's daily routines and habits. The impact on their participation in movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary screen time and sleep) is unknown. This international longitudinal study compared young children's movement behaviours before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Parents of children aged 3-5 years, from 14 countries (8 low- and middle-income countries, LMICs) completed surveys to assess changes in movement behaviours and how these changes were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveys were completed in the 12 months up to March 2020 and again between May and June 2020 (at the height of restrictions). Physical activity (PA), sedentary screen time (SST) and sleep were assessed via parent survey. At Time 2, COVID-19 factors including level of restriction, environmental conditions, and parental stress were measured. Compliance with the World Health Organizations (WHO) Global guidelines for PA (180 min/day [≥60 min moderate- vigorous PA]), SST (≤1 h/day) and sleep (10-13 h/day) for children under 5 years of age, was determined. RESULTS: Nine hundred- forty-eight parents completed the survey at both time points. Children from LMICs were more likely to meet the PA (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AdjOR] = 2.0, 95%Confidence Interval [CI] 1.0,3.8) and SST (AdjOR = 2.2, 95%CI 1.2,3.9) guidelines than their high-income country (HIC) counterparts. Children who could go outside during COVID-19 were more likely to meet all WHO Global guidelines (AdjOR = 3.3, 95%CI 1.1,9.8) than those who were not. Children of parents with higher compared to lower stress were less likely to meet all three guidelines (AdjOR = 0.5, 95%CI 0.3,0.9). CONCLUSION: PA and SST levels of children from LMICs have been less impacted by COVID-19 than in HICs. Ensuring children can access an outdoor space, and supporting parents' mental health are important prerequisites for enabling pre-schoolers to practice healthy movement behaviours and meet the Global guidelines.
背景：2020年新冠疫情相关限制导致幼儿日常活动和习惯发生改变。其对幼儿运动行为（身体活动、久坐屏幕时间和睡眠）的影响尚不清楚。这项国际纵向研究比较了新冠疫情之前和期间幼儿的运动行为。 方法：来自14个国家（8个低收入和中等收入国家，即LMICs）的3至5岁儿童的家长完成了调查，以评估运动行为的变化以及这些变化与新冠疫情的关联。调查在截至2020年3月的12个月内完成，2020年5月至6月（限制最严格期间）再次进行。通过家长调查评估身体活动（PA）、久坐屏幕时间（SST）和睡眠情况。在第二次调查时，测量了包括限制程度、环境条件和父母压力在内的新冠疫情相关因素。确定了5岁以下儿童对世界卫生组织（WHO）关于PA（每天180分钟[≥60分钟中等至剧烈PA]）、SST（每天≤1小时）和睡眠（每天10 - 13小时）全球指南的遵守情况。 结果：948名家长在两个时间点都完成了调查。与高收入国家（HIC）的儿童相比，来自低收入和中等收入国家的儿童更有可能符合PA（调整后优势比[AdjOR] = 2.0，95%置信区间[CI] 1.0, 3.8）和SST（AdjOR = 2.2，95%CI 1.2, 3.9）指南。在新冠疫情期间能够外出的儿童比不能外出的儿童更有可能符合所有WHO全球指南（AdjOR = 3.3，95%CI 1.1, 9.8）。与压力较低的父母的孩子相比，压力较高的父母的孩子不太可能符合所有三项指南（AdjOR = 0.5，95%CI 0.3, 0.9）。 结论：与高收入国家相比，低收入和中等收入国家儿童的PA和SST水平受新冠疫情的影响较小。确保儿童能够使用户外空间，并支持父母的心理健康，是使学龄前儿童养成健康运动行为并符合全球指南的重要前提条件。
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