Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Transl Psychiatry. 2021 May 18;11(1):295. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01414-7.
Understanding complex body-brain processes and the interplay between adipose tissue and brain health is important for understanding comorbidity between psychiatric and cardiometabolic disorders. We investigated associations between brain structure and anthropometric and body composition measures using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 24,728) and body MRI (n = 4973) of generally healthy participants in the UK Biobank. We derived regional and global measures of brain morphometry using FreeSurfer and tested their association with (i) anthropometric measures, and (ii) adipose and muscle tissue measured from body MRI. We identified several significant associations with small effect sizes. Anthropometric measures showed negative, nonlinear, associations with cerebellar/cortical gray matter, and brain stem structures, and positive associations with ventricular volumes. Subcortical structures exhibited mixed effect directionality, with strongest positive association for accumbens. Adipose tissue measures, including liver fat and muscle fat infiltration, were negatively associated with cortical/cerebellum structures, while total thigh muscle volume was positively associated with brain stem and accumbens. Regional investigations of cortical area, thickness, and volume indicated widespread and largely negative associations with anthropometric and adipose tissue measures, with an opposite pattern for thigh muscle volume. Self-reported diabetes, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia were associated with brain structure. The findings provide new insight into physiological body-brain associations suggestive of shared mechanisms between cardiometabolic risk factors and brain health. Whereas the causality needs to be determined, the observed patterns of body-brain relationships provide a foundation for understanding the underlying mechanisms linking psychiatric disorders with obesity and cardiovascular disease, with potential for the development of new prevention strategies.
理解复杂的身体-大脑过程以及脂肪组织和大脑健康之间的相互作用对于理解精神和心脏代谢疾病的共病非常重要。我们使用英国生物银行（UK Biobank）中一般健康参与者的大脑磁共振成像（MRI）（n=24728）和身体 MRI（n=4973）研究了大脑结构与人体测量和身体成分测量之间的关系。我们使用 FreeSurfer 得出了大脑形态的区域和全局指标，并测试了它们与（i）人体测量指标，以及（ii）身体 MRI 测量的脂肪和肌肉组织的相关性。我们确定了几个具有较小效应大小的显著相关性。人体测量指标与小脑/皮质灰质和脑干结构呈负相关，与脑室体积呈正相关，呈非线性关系。皮质下结构的效应方向混合，伏隔核的正相关性最强。脂肪组织指标，包括肝脂肪和肌肉脂肪浸润，与皮质/小脑结构呈负相关，而大腿肌肉体积与脑干和伏隔核呈正相关。皮质面积、厚度和体积的区域研究表明，与人体测量和脂肪组织指标存在广泛的且主要是负相关关系，而大腿肌肉体积则相反。自我报告的糖尿病、高血压或高胆固醇血症与大脑结构有关。这些发现为身体-大脑之间的生理关联提供了新的见解，表明心脏代谢危险因素和大脑健康之间存在共同的机制。虽然需要确定因果关系，但观察到的身体-大脑关系模式为理解将精神障碍与肥胖和心血管疾病联系起来的潜在机制提供了基础，并为开发新的预防策略提供了可能。
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