Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jun 2;117(22):12419-12427. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2001517117. Epub 2020 May 14.
The expanding behavioral repertoire of the developing brain during childhood and adolescence is shaped by complex brain-environment interactions and flavored by unique life experiences. The transition into young adulthood offers opportunities for adaptation and growth but also increased susceptibility to environmental perturbations, such as the characteristics of social relationships, family environment, quality of schools and activities, financial security, urbanization and pollution, drugs, cultural practices, and values, that all act in concert with our genetic architecture and biology. Our multivariate brain-behavior mapping in 7,577 children aged 9 to 11 y across 585 brain imaging phenotypes and 617 cognitive, behavioral, psychosocial, and socioeconomic measures revealed three population modes of brain covariation, which were robust as assessed by cross-validation and permutation testing, taking into account siblings and twins, identified using genetic data. The first mode revealed traces of perinatal complications, including preterm and twin birth, eclampsia and toxemia, shorter period of breastfeeding, and lower cognitive scores, with higher cortical thickness and lower cortical areas and volumes. The second mode reflected a pattern of sociocognitive stratification, linking lower cognitive ability and socioeconomic status to lower cortical thickness, area, and volumes. The third mode captured a pattern related to urbanicity, with particulate matter pollution (PM) inversely related to home value, walkability, and population density, associated with diffusion properties of white matter tracts. These results underscore the importance of a multidimensional and interdisciplinary understanding, integrating social, psychological, and biological sciences, to map the constituents of healthy development and to identify factors that may precede maladjustment and mental illness.
儿童和青少年期大脑发育过程中行为范围不断扩大，这是复杂的大脑-环境相互作用的结果，并受到独特的生活经历的影响。进入青年期为适应和成长提供了机会，但也增加了对环境干扰的敏感性，例如社交关系、家庭环境、学校和活动质量、经济保障、城市化和污染、药物、文化习俗和价值观等特征，所有这些都与我们的遗传结构和生物学相互作用。我们对 585 种大脑影像表现型和 617 项认知、行为、心理社会和社会经济指标进行了 7577 名 9 至 11 岁儿童的多元大脑-行为映射，发现了三种大脑共变的人群模式，这些模式通过交叉验证和置换检验得到了很好的验证，考虑到兄弟姐妹和双胞胎，使用遗传数据进行了识别。第一种模式揭示了围产期并发症的痕迹，包括早产和双胞胎出生、子痫和毒血症、母乳喂养时间较短以及认知评分较低，同时伴随着较高的皮质厚度和较低的皮质面积和体积。第二种模式反映了一种社会认知分层模式，将较低的认知能力和社会经济地位与较低的皮质厚度、面积和体积联系起来。第三种模式捕捉到与城市化有关的模式，与人口密度有关，其中颗粒物污染 (PM) 与家庭价值、可步行性和人口密度呈负相关，与白质束的扩散特性有关。这些结果强调了多维和跨学科理解的重要性，整合社会、心理和生物学科学，以绘制健康发展的构成要素，并确定可能导致适应不良和精神疾病的因素。
