Trevisan C S C, Garcia-Araújo A S, Duarte A C G O, Furino V O, Russo T L, Fujimoto A, Souza H C D, Jaenisch R B, Arena R, Borghi-Silva A
Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
Departamento de Educação Física e Motricidade Humana, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
Braz J Med Biol Res. 2021 May 17;54(7):e10865. doi: 10.1590/1414-431X2020e10865. eCollection 2021.
This study verified the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on hemodynamics, heart rate (HR) variability, and muscle morphology in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM). Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups and 34 completed the study: i) sham-sedentary (Sham-ST; n=9); ii) sham-RMT (Sham-RMT; n=9); iii) DM-sedentary (DM-ST; n=8); and iv) DM-RMT (DM-RMT; n=8). Hemodynamics were assessed by central cannulation, and R-R intervals were measured by electrocardiogram. In addition, the effects of RMT on the cross-sectional area of the diaphragm, anterior tibial, and soleus muscles were analyzed. The induction of DM by streptozotocin resulted in weight loss, hyperglycemia, reduced blood pressure, and attenuated left ventricular contraction and relaxation (P<0.05). We also observed a decrease in root mean square of successive differences between adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD) index and in the cross-sectional area of the muscles assessed, specifically the diaphragm, soleus, and anterior tibial muscles in diabetic rats (P<0.05). Interestingly, RMT led to an increase in RMSSD in rats with DM (P<0.05). The induction of DM produced profound deleterious changes in the diaphragmatic and peripheral muscles, as well as impairments in cardiovascular hemodynamics and autonomic control. Nevertheless, RMT may beneficially attenuate autonomic changes and improve parasympathetic modulation.
本研究验证了呼吸肌训练（RMT）对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病（DM）大鼠的血流动力学、心率（HR）变异性和肌肉形态的影响。36只雄性Wistar大鼠被随机分为4组，34只完成了研究：i）假手术久坐组（Sham-ST；n = 9）；ii）假手术RMT组（Sham-RMT；n = 9）；iii）糖尿病久坐组（DM-ST；n = 8）；iv）糖尿病RMT组（DM-RMT；n = 8）。通过中心插管评估血流动力学，通过心电图测量R-R间期。此外，分析了RMT对膈肌、胫前肌和比目鱼肌横截面积的影响。链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病导致体重减轻、高血糖、血压降低以及左心室收缩和舒张减弱（P<0.05）。我们还观察到相邻RR间期连续差值的均方根（RMSSD）指数降低，以及评估的肌肉横截面积减小，特别是糖尿病大鼠的膈肌、比目鱼肌和胫前肌（P<0.05）。有趣的是，RMT导致糖尿病大鼠的RMSSD增加（P<0.05）。糖尿病的诱导对膈肌和外周肌肉产生了严重的有害变化，以及心血管血流动力学和自主神经控制的损害。然而，RMT可能有益地减轻自主神经变化并改善副交感神经调节。
