Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia.
Université de Montréal/Centre de recherche du CHUM, Pavillon S, Montréal, Québec.
Health Rep. 2021 May 19;32(5):15-28. doi: 10.25318/82-003-x202100500002-eng.
Researchers, policy makers, and urban planners require tools to better understand the complex relationship between gentrification and health. The Gentrification, Urban Interventions and Equity (GENUINE) tool is an open-access, map-based tool that allows users to explore measures of gentrification for Canadian cities and incorporate them into their work.
The phenomenon of gentrification has manifested differently across cities. The GENUINE tool was developed to include four distinct gentrification measures that have been used in the United States and Canada and that rely on different combinations of change in census indicators related to income, housing, occupation, education and age. The measures were computed for all census tracts within the 36 Canadian census metropolitan areas to identify gentrifiable areas in 2006 and those that gentrified between 2006 and 2016.
Depending on the measure, by 2016, 2% to 20% of census tracts had experienced gentrification, corresponding to between 2% (418,065 people) and 17% (4,266,434) of the Canadian population living in gentrified areas. Generally, metropolitan areas with populations over 1 million people had a greater proportion of their population living in gentrified areas (2% to 18%) compared with metropolitan areas with fewer than 250,000 residents (1% to 14%).
With attention on healthy cities only expanding, GENUINE provides pan-Canadian indicators of gentrification, which can be an integral part of solution-oriented research and advancing cities toward designing healthy and equitable communities.
研究人员、政策制定者和城市规划者需要工具来更好地理解 gentrification 和健康之间的复杂关系。Gentrification, Urban Interventions and Equity (GENUINE) 工具是一个开放获取的、基于地图的工具，允许用户探索加拿大城市的 gentrification 度量，并将其纳入工作中。
gentrification 现象在不同的城市表现不同。GENUINE 工具是为包括四个不同的 gentrification 度量而开发的，这些度量在美国和加拿大都有使用，并且依赖于与收入、住房、职业、教育和年龄相关的人口普查指标的不同组合的变化。这些度量是为所有 36 个加拿大都会区的人口普查地段计算的，以确定 2006 年的 gentrifiable 区域和 2006 年至 2016 年间 gentrified 的区域。
根据度量标准，到 2016 年，2%至 20%的人口普查地段经历了 gentrification，这相当于 2%（418,065 人）至 17%（4,266,434 人）的加拿大人口居住在 gentrified 区域。一般来说，人口超过 100 万的都会区，其人口居住在 gentrified 区域的比例（2%至 18%）高于人口少于 25 万的都会区（1%至 14%）。
随着对健康城市的关注不断扩大，GENUINE 提供了全加拿大的 gentrification 指标，可以成为面向解决方案的研究和推动城市朝着设计健康和公平社区的方向发展的重要组成部分。
