Department of Psychiatry, UCSF School of Medicine, 401 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0984, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0984, United States.
Division of Epidemiology, UC Berkeley School of Public Health, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Jul 1;188:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.018. Epub 2018 Apr 18.
Neighborhood context plays a role in binge drinking, a behavior with major health and economic costs. Gentrification, the influx of capital and residents of higher socioeconomic status into historically-disinvested neighborhoods, is a growing trend with the potential to place urban communities under social and financial pressure. Hypothesizing that these pressures and other community changes resulting from gentrification could be tied to excessive alcohol consumption, we examined the relationship between gentrification and binge drinking in California neighborhoods.
California census tracts were categorized as non-gentrifiable, stable (gentrifiable), or gentrifying from 2006 to 2015. Outcomes and covariates were obtained from the California Health Interview Survey using combined 2013-2015 data (n = 60,196). Survey-weighted logistic regression tested for associations between gentrification and any binge drinking in the prior 12 months. Additional models tested interactions between gentrification and other variables of interest, including housing tenure, federal poverty level, race/ethnicity, sex, and duration of neighborhood residence.
A third of respondents reported past-year binge drinking. Controlling for demographic covariates, gentrification was not associated with binge drinking in the population overall (AOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.95-1.34), but was associated with binge drinking among those living in the neighborhood <5 years (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.15-1.93). No association was seen among those living in their neighborhood ≥5 years.
For those newer to their neighborhood, gentrification is associated with binge drinking. Further understanding the relationship between gentrification and high-risk alcohol use is important for policy and public health interventions mitigating the impact of this process.
邻里环境对狂饮行为有一定影响，而这种行为会带来严重的健康和经济成本。中产阶级化是一种资本和高社会经济地位的居民涌入历史上投资不足的社区的趋势，这种趋势可能会给城市社区带来社会和经济压力。我们假设这些压力以及中产阶级化带来的其他社区变化可能与过度饮酒有关，因此研究了加利福尼亚社区中产阶级化与狂饮行为之间的关系。
从 2006 年到 2015 年，加利福尼亚的普查区被分为不可中产阶级化、稳定（可中产阶级化）或中产阶级化。结果和协变量来自加利福尼亚健康访谈调查，使用 2013-2015 年的数据进行了合并（n=60196）。调查加权逻辑回归检验了中产阶级化与过去 12 个月内任何狂饮行为之间的关联。另外的模型检验了中产阶级化与其他感兴趣的变量（包括住房所有权、联邦贫困水平、种族/民族、性别和社区居住时间）之间的相互作用。
三分之一的受访者报告过去一年有狂饮行为。在控制人口协变量后，中产阶级化与总体人群的狂饮行为无关（AOR=1.13，95%CI=0.95-1.34），但与在社区居住<5 年的人群中的狂饮行为有关（AOR=1.49，95%CI 1.15-1.93）。在居住在社区≥5 年的人群中未发现关联。
对于那些较新的社区居民来说，中产阶级化与狂饮行为有关。进一步了解中产阶级化和高风险饮酒之间的关系对于减轻这一过程影响的政策和公共卫生干预措施非常重要。
