Goulter Natalie, Craig Stephanie G, McMahon Robert J
Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Dev Psychopathol. 2023 Feb;35(1):274-289. doi: 10.1017/S0954579421000481. Epub 2021 May 19.
While phenotypically indistinguishable with respect to callousness, individuals with primary and secondary callous-unemotional (CU) traits may show different developmental outcomes. This research predominantly comprised cross-sectional studies of male participants with a focus on maladaptive correlates. Thus, the present study examined whether youth with primary and secondary CU traits identified in Grade 7 reported distinct maladaptive outcomes (internalizing, externalizing, and substance use problems; criminal offenses; and sexual and partner experiences) and adaptive outcomes (health and wellbeing, education, and employment) in adulthood at age 25. We also examined sex differences. Participants included the high-risk control and normative samples from the Fast Track project ( = 754, male = 58%, Black = 46%). Youth with secondary CU traits reported higher levels of adult internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, a greater number of sexual partners and risky sexual behavior, and a greater number of violent offenses, compared with individuals with primary CU traits and those with low CU and anxiety symptoms. Conversely, youth with primary CU traits and low symptoms had higher wellbeing and happiness scores than those with secondary CU traits. Finally, there was differentiation on outcomes between female primary and secondary CU variants and male primary and secondary CU variants.
虽然在冷酷无情方面表型上难以区分，但具有原发性和继发性冷酷无情-缺乏情感（CU）特质的个体可能会表现出不同的发展结果。这项研究主要包括对男性参与者的横断面研究，重点关注适应不良的相关因素。因此，本研究调查了在七年级时被确定具有原发性和继发性CU特质的青少年在25岁成年时是否报告了不同的适应不良结果（内化、外化和物质使用问题；刑事犯罪；以及性和伴侣经历）和适应性结果（健康与幸福、教育和就业）。我们还研究了性别差异。参与者包括来自快车道项目的高危对照组和正常样本（n = 754，男性占58%，黑人占46%）。与具有原发性CU特质的个体以及具有低CU和焦虑症状的个体相比，具有继发性CU特质的青少年报告的成人内化和外化精神病理学水平更高、性伴侣数量更多且性行为风险更大，以及暴力犯罪数量更多。相反，具有原发性CU特质且症状较轻的青少年的幸福感得分高于具有继发性CU特质的青少年。最后，女性原发性和继发性CU变体与男性原发性和继发性CU变体在结果上存在差异。
