Techniques of anterior spinal surgery for the management of kyphosis.

Experience with the techniques of spinal surgery for the management of thoracic and lumbar kyphosis suggests that the anterior approach is useful for correcting fixed deformity (achieving solid arthrodesis and decompressing the spinal cord when necessary). The insertion of an anterior bone graft alone does not guarantee a solid arthrodesis. Meticulous technique, autologous bone, and efficient immobilization are essential for a satisfactory result.