Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Environmental Sciences Department, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin University, 18200, Çankırı, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Oct;28(37):52405-52417. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-14475-4. Epub 2021 May 19.
Permethrin is belonged to pyrethroids that are one of the substances developed as an alternative to pesticides. Permethrin, which is used especially in agriculture, can bioaccumulate in the water and sediment when mixed into aquatic ecosystems. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate the effect of this substance on aquatic organisms other than the target organism. The aim of this study was the determination of acute and sublethal effects as antioxidant enzyme levels on different organs and hemolymph biochemistry of the non-target aquatic organism, narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), after exposure to permethrin, one of the synthetic pyrethroid pesticides, contaminating aquatic ecosystems due to its increase usage. The invertebrate model organism, the narrow-clawed crayfish, was selected for its bioindicator role in food webs as planktivorous grazers epibenthic scavengers and good alternative models in ecotoxicology studies with the importance in conservation of freshwater ecosystems. The 96-h LC value of permethrin to experimental species was estimated as 0.903 μg/L (95% CI = 0.5042-2.2734 μg/L) with probit analysis method. The sublethal concentration of the permethrin was determined by 1/10 of 96-h LC values as 0.09 μg/L. There were two control (negative and acetone) groups in the experiment. The sampling of hemolymph and the tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and muscle) were done 48 h and 96 h after exposure of the permethrin. The total hemocyte counts significantly increased in the 96-h exposed group of permethrin (p<0.05). Among the hemolymph biochemical parameters, the hemolymph potassium and chloride values increased statistically (p<0.05). Malondialdehyde levels (MDA) of gills and muscle were significantly increased, whereas the MDA level of the hepatopancreas was significantly decreased at the end of the experiment (p<0.05). Hyperplasia in the lamella was recorded in gills, while the degenerations of the hepatopancreas tissues were observed. According to obtained results, permethrin was extremely toxic as acutely to narrow-clawed crayfish and also effected at sublethal concentrations.
氯菊酯属于拟除虫菊酯类，是作为杀虫剂替代品之一而开发的物质之一。氯菊酯尤其在农业中使用，当混入水生生态系统时，它会在水中和沉积物中生物累积。因此，有必要研究这种物质对非目标生物以外的水生生物的影响。本研究的目的是确定暴露于氯菊酯后，作为水生生态系统中由于使用量增加而受到污染的拟除虫菊酯类合成农药之一，对非目标水生生物——螯虾（Astacus leptodactylus）的不同器官的急性和亚致死效应以及血淋巴生化的抗氧化酶水平。选择无脊椎动物模式生物螯虾，作为浮游生物食性的掠食性底栖食腐动物和生态毒理学研究中的良好替代模型，因其在淡水生态系统的保护中的重要性，在食物网中具有生物指示剂的作用。采用概率单位分析法，估计氯菊酯对实验物种的 96 小时 LC 值为 0.903μg/L（95%置信区间=0.5042-2.2734μg/L）。通过 96 小时 LC 值的 1/10 确定氯菊酯的亚致死浓度为 0.09μg/L。实验中有两个对照组（阴性和丙酮）。暴露于氯菊酯后 48 小时和 96 小时采集血淋巴和组织（鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉）。在氯菊酯暴露 96 小时的组中，总血细胞计数显著增加（p<0.05）。在血淋巴生化参数中，血淋巴钾和氯值显著增加（p<0.05）。鳃和肌肉中的丙二醛（MDA）水平显著增加，而实验结束时肝胰腺中的 MDA 水平显著降低（p<0.05）。在鳃中记录到了瓣片的增生，而在肝胰腺组织中观察到了退行性变化。根据获得的结果，氯菊酯对螯虾具有极高的急性毒性，而且在亚致死浓度下也有影响。
