Anti-inflammatory Eudesmane Sesquiterpenoids from .

Fourteen new eudesmane sesquiterpenoids (, -, -) and seven known analogues were isolated from the whole plant of . Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with published NMR data, and their absolute configurations were confirmed by X-ray diffraction experiments and TDDFT ECD calculation. Compounds - were identified as eudesmane acids, which represent a kind of lactone ring-opening eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes with an acetoxyl or a hydroxy group attached to C-9. Compounds and , and , and and are three pairs of epimers isomerized at C-3, C-5, and C-11, respectively. Compounds -, -, -, and could influence the proinflammatory phenotype of the M1 macrophage. Among them, compounds , , , , , and consistently exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, as evidenced by downregulating classic pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, and IFN-γ in LPS-induced primary bone marrow derived M1 macrophages.