School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Compound, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; School of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of applied basis and development of modern internal medicine of traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
Department of clinical nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
Pharmacol Res. 2021 Jul;169:105680. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105680. Epub 2021 May 16.
Autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic vasculitis, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis (SSc), mixed connective tissue disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD) and ulcerative colitis. Exosomes exist in body fluids, including blood, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and milk. They are mainly derived from the invagination of intracellular lysosomal particles, which are released into the extracellular matrix after fusion of the outer membrane of the exosomes with the cell membrane. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication and regulate the biological activity of receptor cells by carrying proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Evidences show that exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. In view of the important roles of exosomes in autoimmune diseases, this work systematically reviewed the effects of exosomes on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, especially the regulatory roles of exosome derived microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of RA, SLE, dermatomyositis, SSc, AITD and ulcerative colitis. The review of the roles of exosomes in autoimmune diseases will help to clarify the pathogenesis of these diseases and explore new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
自身免疫性疾病包括类风湿关节炎（RA）、系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）、系统性血管炎、皮肌炎、系统性硬化症（SSc）、混合性结缔组织病、自身免疫性溶血性贫血、自身免疫性甲状腺炎（AITD）和溃疡性结肠炎。外泌体存在于体液中，包括血液、唾液、尿液、脑脊液和乳汁。它们主要来源于细胞内溶酶体颗粒的内陷，这些颗粒在外泌体的外膜与细胞膜融合后被释放到细胞外基质中。外泌体通过携带蛋白质、核酸和脂质来介导细胞间通讯，并调节受体细胞的生物学活性。有证据表明，外泌体参与了各种自身免疫性疾病的发病机制。鉴于外泌体在自身免疫性疾病中的重要作用，本工作系统综述了外泌体对自身免疫性疾病发病机制的影响，特别是外泌体衍生的 microRNAs（miRNAs）在 RA、SLE、皮肌炎、SSc、AITD 和溃疡性结肠炎发病机制中的调节作用。对外泌体在自身免疫性疾病中的作用的综述将有助于阐明这些疾病的发病机制，并探索新的诊断标志物和治疗靶点。
