Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Immunol. 2021 May 3;12:673658. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.673658. eCollection 2021.
Dry eye is often the first presenting manifestation of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Because of the high prevalence of dry eye disease in normal population, ophthalmologists urgently need a non-invasive and reliable screening test to diagnose dry eye associated SS patients, other than ocular symptoms and signs. Currently, there is no single test available. The correlation of serum IL-14α with pSS has been found in pSS mouse model.
To evaluate whether IL-14α can serve as a biomarker to stratify dry eye in primary Sjögren's syndrome and its correlation to BAFF in a cohort of patients with non-SS dry eye (NSDE), pSS with dry eye disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and healthy controls (HC).
Retrospective study based on serum levels of IL-14α (defined by Western Blot) and BAFF (measured by ELISA) were evaluated among pSS with dry eye disease, NSDE, RA, and HC groups. Serum levels of SS related autoantibodies (Ro, La, SP1, PSP, and CA6) were also measured by ELISA.
One hundred and eighty patients were included for the current study, patients were separated into four groups as defined by pSS (n=65), NSDE (n=20), RA (n=50) and HC (n=45). The level of serum IL-14α in pSS was significantly higher compared to NSDE, RA, and HC (p=0.0011, p=0.0052 and p<0.0001, respectively). The levels of serum BAFF in pSS was significantly higher than in NSDE and HC (p=0.0148 and p<0.0001, respectively, whereas the levels of serum BAFF in RA was only significantly higher than in HC (p=0.001), but the level of BAFF was no significant difference between pSS and RA. In pSS, there was a decrease in the serum levels of IL-14α associated with a longer duration of the disease. Also, there was a correlation between the serum levels of IL-14α and SS related autoantibodies such as anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La in pSS patients.
This is the first paper to report both IL-14α and BAFF could serve as a critical cytokine biomarker for the stratification of dry eye in primary Sjögren's syndrome. This may help ophthalmologists to develop non-invasive metrics for the diagnosis of dry eye associated pSS.
干眼症通常是原发性干燥综合征（pSS）的首发表现。由于干眼症在正常人群中的高患病率，眼科医生迫切需要一种非侵入性和可靠的筛查试验来诊断干眼症相关的 SS 患者，而不仅仅是眼部症状和体征。目前，尚无单一的检测方法。在 pSS 小鼠模型中发现了血清 IL-14α 与 pSS 的相关性。
评估 IL-14α 是否可以作为原发性干燥综合征中干眼症分层的生物标志物，并评估其与 BAFF 在非 SS 干眼症（NSDE）、pSS 伴干眼症、类风湿关节炎（RA）和健康对照组（HC）患者中的相关性。
对 pSS 伴干眼症、NSDE、RA 和 HC 组的 IL-14α（通过 Western Blot 定义）和 BAFF（通过 ELISA 测量）血清水平进行回顾性研究。还通过 ELISA 测量 SS 相关自身抗体（Ro、La、SP1、PSP 和 CA6）的血清水平。
本研究共纳入 180 例患者，患者分为 pSS（n=65）、NSDE（n=20）、RA（n=50）和 HC（n=45）四组。与 NSDE、RA 和 HC 相比，pSS 患者的血清 IL-14α 水平明显升高（p=0.0011、p=0.0052 和 p<0.0001，分别）。pSS 患者的血清 BAFF 水平明显高于 NSDE 和 HC（p=0.0148 和 p<0.0001，分别，而 RA 患者的血清 BAFF 水平仅明显高于 HC（p=0.001），但 pSS 和 RA 之间的 BAFF 水平无显著差异。在 pSS 中，与疾病持续时间较长相关的血清 IL-14α 水平下降。此外，pSS 患者的血清 IL-14α 水平与抗 SSA/Ro 和抗 SSA/La 等 SS 相关自身抗体之间存在相关性。
这是第一篇报道 IL-14α 和 BAFF 均可作为原发性干燥综合征干眼症分层的关键细胞因子生物标志物的论文。这可能有助于眼科医生开发用于诊断干眼症相关 pSS 的非侵入性指标。
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