Cermak L S, Bleich R P, Blackford S P
Memory Disorders Research Center, Boston Veterans Administration Medical Center, MA 02130.
Brain Cogn. 1988 Jun;7(3):312-23. doi: 10.1016/0278-2626(88)90005-x.
Word-stem completion in the presence or absence of a paired associate was assessed for a group of amnesic Korsakoff patients and a group of alcoholic controls. Since neither group demonstrated facilitation in the presence of cues (Experiment 1), an analysis of the influence of instructions to remember the paired associates on cued word-stem completion was performed with college students (Experiment 2). Finding a positive effect of instructions led to a replication of the task with amnesic patients and alcoholic controls. Unfortunately, instructions to remember the pairs did not produce the facilitatory effect for either group nor for an age matched nonalcoholic control group. (Experiment 3). It was concluded that neither amnesics, chronic alcoholics, nor elderly controls had the ability to modify their analysis of verbal material as a function of retrieval expectations. As a consequence, neither group demonstrated the effect of contextual priming of word completions reported by P. Graf and D. L. Schacter (1985, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 11, 501-518).
对一组柯萨科夫遗忘症患者和一组酗酒对照者进行了在有或没有配对联想词的情况下词干补全任务的评估。由于两组在有提示的情况下均未表现出促进作用（实验1），因此对大学生进行了关于记住配对联想词的指令对提示词干补全的影响的分析（实验2）。发现指令产生了积极效果，于是对遗忘症患者和酗酒对照者重复了该任务。不幸的是，记住配对词的指令对两组以及年龄匹配的非酗酒对照组均未产生促进作用（实验3）。得出的结论是，遗忘症患者、慢性酗酒者和老年对照组都没有能力根据检索预期来改变他们对言语材料的分析。因此，两组均未表现出P. 格拉夫和D. L. 沙克特（1985年，《实验心理学杂志：学习、记忆和认知》，第11卷，第501 - 518页）所报道的词补全情境启动效应。
