Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia.
Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Jun 1;55(11):7418-7429. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00396. Epub 2021 May 20.
The in-sample stability of selected pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, and their metabolites in wastewater was assessed under six different conditions-untreated, addition of hydrochloric acid or sodium metabisulfite solution, combined with or without sterile filtration, and at four representative temperatures, at 35 °C for up to 28 days, 22 °C for 56 days, and 4 °C and -20 °C for 196 days, or freeze/thaw cycles for 24 weeks. Paracetamol, 6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine, and cocaine were poorly stable in untreated wastewater-e.g., with 50% transformation within 1.2-8.1 days at 22 °C, and acidification reduced their in-sample transformations. Acesulfame, carbamazepine, cotinine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), ketamine, norfentanyl, 3,4-methylenedioxy--ethylamphetamine (MDEA), and norbuprenorphine were highly or moderately stable over the observed period, even in untreated wastewater. Fitting of pseudo-first-order kinetics and the Arrhenius equation was used to develop a multistage transformation estimation model combined with an interactive tool to evaluate possible transformation scenarios of selected biomarkers for the processes from sampling to preanalysis. However, as the wastewater composition can vary between sites and over time, the variability of in-sample stability requires further exploration.
在六种不同条件下评估了选定的药物、非法药物及其代谢物在废水中的样本内稳定性-未经处理、添加盐酸或亚硫酸氢钠溶液、结合或不结合无菌过滤，以及在四个代表性温度下，35°C 下长达 28 天，22°C 下 56 天，4°C 和-20°C 下 196 天，或 24 周的冻融循环。对乙酰氨基酚、6-单乙酰吗啡、吗啡和可卡因在未经处理的废水中稳定性较差-例如，在 22°C 下，50%的转化在 1.2-8.1 天内发生，酸化降低了它们的样本内转化。醋磺胺甲异恶唑、卡马西平、可替宁、甲基苯丙胺、3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）、氯胺酮、去甲芬太尼、3,4-亚甲二氧基乙基苯丙胺（MDEA）和去甲纳布啡在观察期内高度或中度稳定，即使在未经处理的废水中也是如此。拟一级动力学和阿仑尼乌斯方程的拟合用于开发一个多阶段转化估计模型，结合一个交互式工具，以评估从采样到预分析过程中选定生物标志物的可能转化情景。然而，由于废水成分在不同地点和时间之间可能会有所不同，因此样本内稳定性的可变性需要进一步探索。
