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美国长期护理市场趋势和护理模式

Long-Term Care Market Trend and Patterns of Caregiving in the U.S.

机构信息

Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.

Assistant Professor, Department of Music Education/Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.

出版信息

J Aging Soc Policy. 2022 Jan-Feb;34(1):20-37. doi: 10.1080/08959420.2021.1926209. Epub 2021 May 21.

Abstract

Informal care is a major source of long-term services and supports (LTSS) for older adults in the U.S. However, the increasing gap between available family caregivers and those needing LTSS in coming years warrants better understanding of the balance between informal and formal home or community-based LTSS to meet the growing demand. The current study aimed to 1) identify patterns of informal and formal LTSS use among community-dwelling individuals, and 2) examine if the supply of formal LTSS predicts the use of informal care. These aims were investigated by linking the market supply of formal LTSS at the state-level to the Health and Retirement Survey data (N = 7,781). Results provide important empirical evidence that patterns of informal and formal LTSS use among older adults are heterogeneous and market supply of formal home and community-based services (HCBS) significantly predicts the use of informal care. Most older adults rely on informal care in combination with some formal supports, suggesting that the two systems work in tandem to meet the growing needs of LTSS. This offers important implications for states allocating resources to meet the LTSS needs of older adults and individuals with disabilities since states play key roles in U.S. long-term care policies.

摘要

非正规护理是美国老年人长期服务和支持(LTSS)的主要来源。然而,未来几年,可用家庭护理人员与需要 LTSS 的人员之间的差距日益扩大,这就需要更好地了解非正式和正式家庭或社区为基础的 LTSS 之间的平衡,以满足不断增长的需求。本研究旨在:1)确定社区居住者中非正式和正式 LTSS 使用的模式;2)检验正式 LTSS 的供应是否可以预测非正式护理的使用。通过将州一级正式 LTSS 的市场供应与健康和退休调查数据(N=7781)联系起来,实现了这些目标。结果提供了重要的经验证据,表明老年人中非正式和正式 LTSS 使用的模式具有异质性,并且正式家庭和社区服务(HCBS)的市场供应显著预测了非正式护理的使用。大多数老年人依赖非正式护理和一些正式支持,这表明这两个系统协同工作,以满足 LTSS 的不断增长的需求。这对各州分配资源以满足老年人和残疾人的 LTSS 需求具有重要意义,因为各州在美国长期护理政策中发挥着关键作用。

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