Servicio de Medicina Preventiva. Centro de Actividades Ambulatorias, 6ª planta, Bloque C, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Avenida de Córdoba, s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
BMC Public Health. 2021 May 21;21(1):961. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10961-z.
On June 21st de-escalation measures and state-of-alarm ended in Spain after the COVID-19 first wave. New surveillance and control strategy was set up to detect emerging outbreaks.
To detect and describe the evolution of COVID-19 clusters and cases during the 2020 summer in Spain.
A near-real time surveillance system to detect active clusters of COVID-19 was developed based on Kulldorf's prospective space-time scan statistic (STSS) to detect daily emerging active clusters.
Analyses were performed daily during the summer 2020 (June 21st - August 31st) in Spain, showing an increase of active clusters and municipalities affected. Spread happened in the study period from a few, low-cases, regional-located clusters in June to a nationwide distribution of bigger clusters encompassing a higher average number of municipalities and total cases by end-August.
STSS-based surveillance of COVID-19 can be of utility in a low-incidence scenario to help tackle emerging outbreaks that could potentially drive a widespread transmission. If that happens, spatial trends and disease distribution can be followed with this method. Finally, cluster aggregation in space and time, as observed in our results, could suggest the occurrence of community transmission.
西班牙在经历了 COVID-19 第一波疫情后，于 6 月 21 日结束了降级措施和紧急状态。新的监测和控制策略已建立，以发现新的疫情。
检测和描述西班牙 2020 年夏季 COVID-19 集群和病例的演变。
开发了一种基于 Kulldorf 前瞻性时空扫描统计量（STSS）的实时监测系统，以检测每日新出现的活跃集群。
在 2020 年夏季（6 月 21 日至 8 月 31 日）期间，西班牙每天进行分析，显示活跃集群和受影响的城市数量增加。在研究期间，疫情从 6 月少数几个低病例、局部集群扩散到 8 月底全国性分布更大的集群，包含更多的城市和更多的总病例。
基于 STSS 的 COVID-19 监测在低发病率情况下非常有用，可以帮助应对潜在的广泛传播的新疫情。如果发生这种情况，可以使用这种方法跟踪空间趋势和疾病分布。最后，如我们的结果所示，集群在空间和时间上的聚集可能表明发生了社区传播。
