Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Uniklinikum, Heidelberg, Germany.
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 May 20;21(1):477. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06395-3.
Yemen that has been devastated by war is facing various challenges to respond to the recent potential outbreaks and other public health emergencies due to lack of proper strategies and regulations, which are essential to public health security. The aim of this study is to assess the implementation of the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) core capacities under the current ongoing conflict in Yemen.
The study simulated the World Health Organization (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) tool to assess the IHR core capacities in Yemen. Qualitative research methods were used, including desk reviews, in-depth interviews with key informants and analysis of the pooled data.
Based on the assessment of the three main functions of the IHR framework (prevention, detection, and response), Yemen showed a demonstrated or developed capacity to detect outbreaks, but nevertheless limited or no capacity to prevent and respond to outbreaks.
This study shows that there has been poor implementation of IHR in Yemen. Therefore, urgent interventions are needed to strengthen the implementation of the IHR core capacities in Yemen. The study recommends 1) raising awareness among national and international health staff on the importance of IHR; 2) improving alignment of INGO programs with government health programs and aligning both towards better implementation of the IHR; 3) improving programmatic coordination, planning and implementation among health stakeholders; 4) increasing funding of the global health security agenda at country level; 5) using innovative approaches to analyze and address gaps in the disrupted health system, and; 6) addressing the root cause of the collapse of the health services and overall health system in Yemen by ending the protracted conflict situation.
由于缺乏适当的战略和法规，饱受战争蹂躏的也门在应对最近潜在的疫情爆发和其他公共卫生紧急情况方面面临各种挑战，而这些对于公共卫生安全而言是至关重要的。本研究旨在评估在也门当前持续冲突下《国际卫生条例（2005 年）》核心能力的实施情况。
本研究模拟世界卫生组织（WHO）联合外部评估（JEE）工具，评估也门的《国际卫生条例》核心能力。采用定性研究方法，包括案头审查、对主要信息提供者的深入访谈以及对汇总数据的分析。
根据《国际卫生条例》框架的三个主要功能（预防、发现和应对）的评估，也门在发现疫情方面表现出已证明或已发展的能力，但在预防和应对疫情方面，能力有限或不存在。
本研究表明，也门《国际卫生条例》的实施情况不佳。因此，需要采取紧急干预措施，加强也门《国际卫生条例》核心能力的实施。研究建议 1）提高国家和国际卫生工作人员对《国际卫生条例》重要性的认识；2）改善非政府组织方案与政府卫生方案之间的一致性，并使之更好地实施《国际卫生条例》；3）改善卫生利益攸关方之间的方案协调、规划和实施；4）增加国家一级全球卫生安全议程的供资；5）采用创新方法分析和解决中断的卫生系统中的差距问题；6）通过结束旷日持久的冲突局势，解决也门卫生服务和整个卫生系统崩溃的根本原因。
