Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive - MSC 7881, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California - Davis Health; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California - Davis Health.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2021 Jun;35(2):415-434. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2021.03.008.
The spectrum of disease produced by Aspergillus species ranges from allergic syndromes to chronic pulmonary conditions and invasive infections. Invasive aspergillosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Risk factors continue to evolve and include newer biological agents that target the immune system and postinfluenza infection; and it has been observed following COVID-19 infection. Diagnosis remains a challenge but non-culture-based methods are available. Antifungal resistance has emerged. Voriconazole remains the treatment of choice but isavuconazole and posaconazole have similar efficacy with less toxicity. Combination therapy is used with extensive infection and in severe immunosuppression.
曲霉菌属引起的疾病谱范围广泛，从过敏综合征到慢性肺部疾病和侵袭性感染。侵袭性曲霉病是免疫功能低下患者发病和死亡的主要原因。危险因素不断演变，包括针对免疫系统的新型生物制剂和流感后感染；并且在 COVID-19 感染后也有观察到。诊断仍然具有挑战性，但已有非培养方法可供使用。抗真菌药物耐药性已经出现。伏立康唑仍然是治疗的首选药物，但伊曲康唑和泊沙康唑具有相似的疗效且毒性更小。对于广泛感染和严重免疫抑制的患者，联合治疗是有用的。
