Fischer Andreas, Lee Yerin, Dong T'ea, Gries Gerhard
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
R Soc Open Sci. 2021 May 19;8(5):210279. doi: 10.1098/rsos.210279.
Many ants prey on spiders, suggesting that web-building spiders may avoid micro-locations near ant colonies or frequented by foraging ants. Here we tested the hypothesis that ant-derived semiochemicals deter synanthropic spiders. To generate stimuli, we exposed filter paper for 12 h to workers of European fire ants, black garden ants, or western carpenter ants, , and then offered select urban spiders in three-chamber olfactometer bioassays a choice between ant-exposed filter paper and unexposed control filter paper. Semiochemical deposits of , but not of or , had a significant deterrent effect on subadults of the false black widow, the black widow, , and the hobo spider, as well as a moderate (but statistically not significant) deterrent effect on the cross spider, . The deterrent effect caused by semiochemical deposits of may be attributable to the aggressive nature and efficient foraging of in its invaded North American range, exerting selection pressure on community members to recognize semiochemicals and to avoid micro-locations occupied by .
许多蚂蚁以蜘蛛为食，这表明结网蜘蛛可能会避开蚁群附近或有觅食蚂蚁经常出没的微栖地。在此，我们检验了一个假设，即源自蚂蚁的信息化学物质会威慑与人类共生的蜘蛛。为了产生刺激物，我们将滤纸暴露于欧洲火蚁、黑花园蚁或西方木工蚁的工蚁中12小时，然后在三室嗅觉测定生物测定中为选定的城市蜘蛛提供在接触过蚂蚁的滤纸和未接触过的对照滤纸之间进行选择的机会。西方木工蚁的信息化学物质沉积物对拟黑寡妇蜘蛛、黑寡妇蜘蛛和流浪汉蜘蛛的亚成体有显著的威慑作用，对十字园蛛有中等（但在统计学上不显著）的威慑作用，而欧洲火蚁和黑花园蚁的信息化学物质沉积物则没有这种作用。西方木工蚁的信息化学物质沉积物所产生的威慑作用可能归因于其在入侵的北美范围内具有的攻击性和高效觅食行为，从而对群落成员施加了选择压力，促使它们识别西方木工蚁的信息化学物质并避开西方木工蚁占据的微栖地。
